RELEVANCE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENT MOBILITY TO WORK AND EMPLOYMENT COMPARISON OF FINFINGS IN BRAZIL, CHILE, SLOVENIA AND FINLAND Dr. Valeska V. Geldres University of La Frontera – Chile University of Sao Paulo – Brazil Ljubljana

AGENDA The countries Results Conclusions

THE COUNTRIES

The countries

CHILE 17,4 mill 32,7 years Population and average age of the population (mill) BRAZIL 193,7 mill 29,7 years SLOVENIA 2,1 mill 42 years FINLAND 5,4 mill 42,2 years Source: Euromonitor International 2013

University Students Country Number of University Students 2012 ('000) Increase ,323,6% 6.206,7028,9% 615,237,6% 292,92,0% Source: Euromonitor International 2013

Chile ranked 37th out of 185 economies (and first amongst Latin American & Caribbean countries) in the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Report The country has open policies towards foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade (8.5% of total GDP between 2007 and 2012). The country’s information and communications technology (ICT) sector is amongst the most advanced at regional level. However, Chile’s capacity for innovation remains limited partly due to relatively low investment in research and development (R&D) activities (0.3% of total GDP). The quality of the Chilean educational system is perceived as weak, which contributes to create skills shortages and to dampen the country’s capacity for innovation. Productivity levels in Chile (measured as GDP per person employed) are the highest in Latin America at US$32,114 in 2012, although remain well below the OECD average of US$77,080 in the same year. Source: Euromonitor International 2013 CHILE

BRAZIL In the Ease of Doing Business 2012, Brazil ranked 126th out of 183 economies as excessive bureaucratic procedures continue to be embedded in the country’s business climate. However, factors like a developed financial system, generally open policies towards foreign direct investment (FDI), and a large consumer market contribute to make the country more competitive. In 2011, Brazil’s total expenditure on Research and Development (R&D) as a percentage of total GDP was the largest in Latin America at 1.2%. The overall quality of education in Brazil is lacking and the county’s productivity levels do not totally correspond to its high wages. Brazil offers considerable opportunities in its consumer market, the largest in Latin America, worth R$2.4 trillion (US$1.5 trillion) in Source: Euromonitor International 2013

RESULTS

SKILLS THAT EMPLOYERS SEEK IN JUST GRADUATED STUDENTS (% of answers)

TOP FIVE SKILLS THAT EMPLOYERS SEEK IN JUST GRADUATED STUDENTS ( % of answers) Brazilian employers (N=88) Slovene employers (N=58) Finish employers (N=283) Chilean employers (n=16) Responsibility70Responsibility76 Reliability Confiança 83 Reliability Confiança 94 Initiative70 Reliability Confiança 75 Cooperativeness 71 Responsibility 94 Ability to look for and process information 59 Ability to look for and process information 73 Ability to adapt knowledge to new situations 48 Initiative 88 Reliability Confiança 53 Ability to adapt knowledge to new situations 71 Problem-solving skills 47 Problem-solving skills 81 Ability to adapt knowledge to new situations 53Cooperativeness 69 Decision-making 39 Perseverance 75

COMPETENCIES EMPLOYERS THINK ARE GAINED WITH ISM (% of answers)

TOP THREE COMPETENCIES EMPLOYERS THINK ARE GAINED WITH ISM(% of answers) Brazilian employers (N=88) Slovene employers (N=58) Finish employers (N=492) Chilean employers (N=16) Improve the knowledge of foreign languages 75 Learn about other cultures and environments (cultural knowledge) 68 Improve the knowledge of foreign languages 67 Learn about new forms of work 69 Entrepreneurship and initiative 48 Improve the knowledge of foreign languages 61 Learn about other cultures and environments (cultural knowledge) 35 Improve the knowledge of foreign languages 63 Flexibility47 Establish contacts with foreign students / businesses (networking ability) 40Flexibility19 Expertise in the field of study 44

VALUE OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE / ISM

Value of international experience Brasilian employers (n=88) Slovenen employers (n=58) Finish employers (n=677) Chilean employers (n=16) It is not the decisive factor for employment of the candidate. 36 It is not relevant in employment with us. 41 It is not a prerequisite for the job we require international experience In recruiting we do not care

WHOM DO FAVOR THE EMPLOYERS? AN STUDENT WHO HAD INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCIE FOR STUDIES (ISM-S) OR WORKING EXPERIENCE AT HOME (W)? (% of answers)

WHOM DO FAVOR THE EMPLOYERS? AN STUDENT WHO HAD WORKING EXPERIENCE AT HOME (W) OR ISM – W (% of answers)

CONCLUSIONS

COOPERATION BETWEEN HEI AND BUSINESSES WHY DO WE NEED TO COOPERATE? The results show that companies do not perceive that ISM activities contributes to the skills they are looking for. It is necessary to communicate, promote the skills that students develop when doing ISM. It is important to pay attention on the work experience, as they are the most appreciated by companies.

GRACIAS ¡ OBRIGADA ¡ TACK ¡ HVALA ¡