Contribution of EARLINET/ACTRIS to the summer 2013 Special Observing Period of the ChArMEx project Michaël Sicard Remote Sensing Lab., Dept. of Signal Theory and Communications Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona msicard@tsc.upc.edu 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 1/23

Co-authors [RSLab, UPC, Barcelona] R. Barragan, C. Muñoz-Porcar, A. Comerón, F. Rocadenbosch, A. Rodriguez [LA, Toulouse] M. Mallet [LSCE, CEA, Saclay] F. Dulac [LATMOS, Paris] J. Pelon [UGR, Granada] L. Alados-Arboledas, J. A. Bravo-Aranda, M. J. Granados-Muñoz, J. L. Guerrero-Rascado, G. Titos [CNR-IMAA, Potenza] A. Amodeo, A. Boselli, G. D'Amico, F. Madonna, L. Mona, G. Pappalardo [INAF, Catania] G. Leto, R. Zanmar Sanchez [U. Lecce] M. R. Perrone, P. Burlizzi [INGV, Catania] S. Scollo [U. Napoli] N. Spinelli, X. Wang 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 2/23

ChArMEx: Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment ChArMEx BioDivMeX Atmospheric pollution Biodiversity MerMeX TerMeX Marine ecosystems Geodynamics risks and ressources HyMex SicMeD Water cycle Agricultural ecosystems PaleoMex SocMed Human and paleo-climates Societies and environment http://mistrals-home.org/ ChArMEx: Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment Component of MISTRALS about atmospheric chemistry, i.e. the cycle of short-life species (< a few weeks) chemically and optically active in the atmosphere MISTRALS: 10 years of multi-disciplinary reserch coordinated at international level to observe and understand the Med. system and forecast the habitability of the region over the century ChArMEx: one of the 8 topics of MISTRALS (CNRS/INSU) started in 2007 and endorsed internationally initiative whose goal is a scientific assessment of the present and future state of the atmospheric environment in the Mediterranean Basin, and of its impacts on the regional climate, air quality, and marine biogeochemistry 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 3/23

Why the Mediterranean? Strong accumulation of particles above the Basin Annual average of aerosol optical thickness observed by satellite (NASA AQUA/MODIS) 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 4/23

Why the Mediterranean? A natural laboratory to study: Contribution of long range transport on the local air quality Ageing of continental air masses above the Basin Impact of the atmospheric chemistry on the regional climate Impact of deposition on waters poor in nutrients 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 5/23

Objectives/WPs of ChArMEx Emissions Atmospheric processes of reactive gases and aerosols Impact of long-range and vertical transport on air quality Radiative budget and climate impact Atmospheric deposition Recent trends and variability in trace species Modelling the future of the Med. atmospheric chemistry 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 6/23

ADRIMED SOP-1a 12 June – 5 July, 2013 Western and central Med. Basin 2 supersites 5 secondary sites In-situ, remote sensing instrumentation 2 aircraft Objectives: To gather an innovative database of the aerosol physical, chemical, optical properties in order to 1) estimate precisely 1D local direct radiative forcing and constrain 3D regional climate models, and 2) investigate how the modifications of the radiative budget (especially at the sea-surface) due to aerosols affect the sea-surface evaporation fluxes and the Mediterranean hydrological cycle during the dry season Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ADRIMED) projectº 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 7/23

ADRIMED SOP-1a Super sites Secondary sites EARLINET lidar AERONET sun-photometer Ersa Montesoro Potenza Barcelona Naples Lecce Minorca Capo Granitola Serra la Nave Granada Lampedusa 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 8/23

EARLINET measurements EARLINET measurements coincident with / in the vicinity of ChArMEx/ADRIMED aircraft Aircraft ATR42 F20   Flight # F30 F31 F13 F16 F36 F17 F18 F19 Day of June 16/pm 17/am 18/pm 22/am 22/pm 23/am 24/am 27/am Route GR, 3β+2α+1δ BA, 3β+2α+WV NA, 2β+1δ SN, 1β+1δ PO, 3β+2α+1δ LE, 3β+2α+1δ+WV 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 9/23

Spatio-temporal evolution MSG/SEVIRI AERUS-GEO AOD at 675 nm 16J 17J 18J Barcelona Granada 19J 20J 21J 22J 23J Potenza Naples Lecce Serra La Nave 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 10/23

Spatio-temporal evolution Peak: 0,29 (AE~0,5) 0,17 (AE~0,66) 0,37 (AE~0,8) 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 11/23

Spatio-temporal evolution Mean AOD: 0,21 Mean hCM: 3,30 Mean AOD: 0,22 Mean hCM : 3,49 Mean AOD: 0,17 Mean hCM : 3,15 Mean AOD: 0,07 Mean hCM : 5,25 Mean AOD: 0,07 Mean hCM : 2,86 Mean AOD: 0,10 Mean hCM : 3,48 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 12/23

Differences from one station to another Granada, 17 June, 01UT Potenza, 22 June, 00 UT Lecce, 22 June, 12UT 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 13/23

4D distribution from air- and space-borne instruments F20, 22 June, 10:30-12:30UT Potenza Flight direction Naples Lecce SN LE NA Serra La Nave PO SN CALIPSO, 22 June, 01UT 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 14/23

Conclusions A moderate multi-intrusion event has been captured at EARLINET stations during ADRIMED SOP-1a Larger values of AOD were found over Spain than over southern Italy The vertical distribution is very similar in both Spanish sites while it is more heterogeneous over Italy where two intrusions from different origin are observed Further analysis is needed to differentiate the mineralogy of both dust particles which are mixed 6 – 10 April, 2015 VIII Workshop on Lidar Measurement in Latin America 15/23

List of communications F. Dulac et al., “An update on ChArMEx (the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) activities and plans for aerosol studies in the Mediterranean region”, European Aerosol Conference, Granada, Spain, L. Alados Arboledas and F. J. Olmo Reyes (Eds.) , 2 – 7 September 2012 J. Pey, C. Bujosa, S. Caballero, X. Querol, A. Alastuey, M Sicard, B. Artíñano, “Two years of measurements at a regional background site in the Balearics: first results” , European Aerosol Conference, Granada, Spain, L. Alados Arboledas and F. J. Olmo Reyes (Eds.) , 2 – 7 September 2012 F. Dulac et al., “The summer 2012 Saharan dust season in the western Mediterranean with focus on the intense event of late June during the Pre-ChArMEx campaign” , European Geosciences Union General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 7 - 12 April 2013 J. C. Cerro, J. Pey, C. Bujosa, S. Caballero, A. Alastuey, M Sicard, B. Artíñano, X. Querol, “Regional background aerosols over the Balearic Islands over the last 3 years: ground-based concentrations, atmospheric deposition and sources”, European Geosciences Union General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 7 - 12 April 2013 S. Basart, M. Sicard, J. M. Baldasano, D. Lange and A. Comerón, “Optical characteristics of biomass burning and desert dust over the Western Mediterranean during summer: a case study”, European Geosciences Union General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 7 - 12 April 2013 Acknowledgments Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Sciences for the acciones complementarias ref. CGL2009-08031-E/CLI and CGL2011-13580-E/CLI. 1 – 3 July, 2013 1st Iberian Meeting on Aerosol Science and Technology (RICTA) – Évora 16/23

WP 4: Radiative forcing and climate impact Ersa (Corsica) and Lampedusa Aerosol Physical properties : DMA (fine) and OPS (coarse) number size ditribution Aerosol Chemical properties : DKTI, ACSM Aerosol Optical properties : 1λ CAPS, 1λ PAX (total extinction & scattering), MAAP, 3λ nephelometer (scat.), 7λ aethalometer (abs.), PSAP (abs.), AERONET/PHOTON (whole-column 4λ AOD, SSA, refractive index) Aerosol mixing : HVTDMA, SP2, ATOFMS Radiative fluxes : pyranometer (SW), pyrgeometers (LW) Aerosol vertical profiles : Lidar obs. + aircrafts: ATR42 (in-situ) and Falcon 20: remote sensing + balloons: O3 and particle number (profiling and drifting)