Wave Motion & EM Waves (I)

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Presentation transcript:

Wave Motion & EM Waves (I) Chih-Chieh Kang Electrooptical Eng.Dept. STUT email:kangc@mail.stut.edu.tw

What is light? Light is an electromagnetic wave consisting of an oscillating electric and magnetic field. Light exhibits wave phenomena, such as interference and diffraction etc.. …

What are waves?

What Are Waves? Physically, a wave is a vibrational disturbance from a normal or equilibrium condition that propagates through a medium or space. Example：sound waves, light waves, radio waves, microwaves, water waves, sine waves, cosine waves, Mexican waves, traffic waves, earthquake waves, waves on a string, and slinky waves. Mathematically, Waves are solutions to the wave equation： 1-D waves (z, t)：wave function, v：phase velocity

Physical Interpretation of Waves Wave propagation describes the spreading of a disturbance Waves transfer energy, momentum from one point to another without the transport of matter Medium：a substance which carries a wave (disturbance) from one location to another Example：water, air, solid materials

Type of Waves Mechanical waves：These need a medium to propagate in Example：sound waves Electromagnetic waves ： These wave do not need a medium to propagate Example：light waves Matter wave：Particles such as protons and electrons can be treated as waves

Classification of Waves By orientation - longitudinal wave or transverse wave By appearance - traveling wave or standing wave By dimension - Dimensionality (1D, 2D, 3D) By duration - periodic wave or pulse wave

Classification of Waves Longitudinal wave : distrbance is parallel to the direction of travel －slinky waves transverse wave:Disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of travel － waves on a string

Longitudinal waves & Transverse Waves (Hecht)

Classification of Waves Traveling waves : A wave that propagates in a transmission medium Standing waves : A stationary pattern of wave is formed by the superposition of two waves of the same frequency propagating in opposite directions (Serway)

Classification of waves One-dimensional waves (1-D) Two-dimensional waves (2-D) Three-dimensional waves (3-D)

Classification of Waves Pulse waves：Disturbance is momentary and suddenly Periodic waves：Disturbance repeats at regular intervals (Serway)

Characteristic of Waves crest：the highest point of the wave that is elevated above the equilibrium condition trough：the lowest point of the wave that is depressed below the equilibrium condition

References E. Hecht, Optics, Addison-Wesley. R. A. Serway, Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Saunders. J. D. Cutnell, and K. W. Johnson, Physics, Wiley. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html

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