What are Seismic Waves?. Types of Waves: Seismic Waves We will be covering: Body Waves Primary or p-wave Primary or p-wave –Compression wave Secondary.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
What are Seismic Waves?.
Advertisements

8.6.2 Waves Explain how seismic waves provide scientists with information about the structure of Earth's interior.
What are Seismic Waves?. Types of Waves Compression wave (longitudinal) Transverse Wave Seismic Wave – Body Waves Primary or p-wave Primary or p-wave.
EARTHQUAKES: WHY? AND HOW?. EARTHQUAKES Caused by plate tectonic stresses sudden movement or shaking of the Earth Located at plate boundaries Resulting.
Seismic Waves Generate outward from focus. P Waves Compress and expand ground Travel fastest – first to arrive at seismic reporting station Travel through.
Seismic Wave Propagation
Three Worlds to Explore Look Up? (Astronomy) Look Down? (Geophysics) Look at Surface? (Geology)
Snap Your Fingers and observe what is happening. When you snap your fingers, imagine that each finger is a big chunk of rock deep inside the earth's.
Wave Type (and names) Particle MotionOther Characteristics P, Compressional, Primary, Longitudinal Dilatational Alternating compressions (“pushes”) and.
The primary “tool” for investigating the physical properties of the Earth’s interior is seismology. Seismology.
Seismology: ●What is Seismology? ●What are Seismic Waves?: Types of Seismic waves ●Where do Earthquakes Happen? ●Why do Earthquakes Happen? ●How is the.
Earthquakes. Earthquakes - The movement of the ground, caused by waves of energy released as rocks move along faults Fault – a large fracture in rocks,
Earthquakes.
 The shaking or trembling caused by the sudden release of energy.  Usually associated with faulting or breaking of rocks.
Earthquakes.
Seismic Waves The source of an earthquake is called the focus and the epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus. Seismic waves.
EARTHQUAKES: WHY? AND HOW?. EARTHQUAKES Caused by plate tectonic stresses sudden movement or shaking of the Earth Located at plate boundaries Resulting.
Earthquakes!! Shake, Rattle and Roll.
Normal Fault Occurs at Divergent Boundaries. How do Earthquake waves Travel? Energy released from moving plates and faults travels through the Earth as.
Seismic Waves. What do we know? Energy that travels through the earth caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion Examples?
Integrated Science Unit 10, Chapter 28.
EARTHQUAKES: WHY? AND HOW?. EARTHQUAKES Caused by plate tectonic stresses sudden movement or shaking of the Earth Located at plate boundaries Resulting.
Earthquakes On Shaky Ground. Earthquakes The shaking of the Earth’s surface Caused by faulting beneath the surface –Faults are when the rock splits and.
EARTHQUAKES…. What is an Earthquake? Shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth caused by the underground movement along a FAULT plane. Shaking.
Engineering Waves Overview In this lesson, we will learn about: What are waves? What are different types of waves? How do waves travel? How do waves relate.
Earthqu akes Earthquake Footage. Epicenter The point on Earth’s surface directly above where the energy is released in an earthquake. Focus = point where.
EARTHQUAKES When good rock goes bad!.
The Layers of the Earth!. Earth Layers The Earth is divided into three major zones that are defined by their compositions. *Core (Inner and Outer) *Mantle.
Investigation 2 Facts The Interior of the Earth. Fault A break in Earth ’ s crust where rock on one side moves in relation to rock on the other side.
Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Earth Systems 3209 Unit: 4 The Forces Within Earth Reference: Chapters 4,
Earthquakes Natural vibrations of Earth’s ground caused by: - Movement along tectonic plates -OR -Volcanic eruptions.
Earthquakes. All earthquakes start beneath Earth’s surface. Focus of an earthquake: the point underground where rocks first begin to move Epicenter: the.
Earthquakes.
Types of Faults and seismic waves. What is a fault? A fault is a break in the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust, along which rocks on either side have.
Energy  an object is said to have “energy” if the object has the ability to change its environment Two ways to transfer energy  1. through the application.
QUIZ 10/21 1.What are Earthquakes? 2._____ is the deformation of a material caused by stress. 3.Describe tension stress. 4.Faulting causes rock to _________.
EARTHQUAKES: WHY? AND HOW?. EARTHQUAKES Caused by plate tectonic stresses sudden movement or shaking of the Earth Located at plate boundaries Resulting.
Chapter 19 Pg. 526 Earthquakes.
 The fastest of all seismic waves.  Body wave – travels through the interior of the Earth.  Travels through solids and liquids.  It squeezes and stretches.
Earthquake Let’s shake, rattle and roll Earthquake Basics Earthquake – shaking of Earth’s crust caused by the sudden release of energy Energy build over.
Earthquake s Natural Hazards Pertaining to the Lithosphere.
Earthquakes. What is an earthquake? Earthquake: a sudden release of energy in earth’s crust that causes movement.
 As you travel inside of Earth, the temperature _________________.
Seismic Waves and Earth’s Interior Eric Angat Environmental Science.
Engineering Seismology
Types of Waves Foldable
Seismic Wave Propagation
Earthquakes.
MEE …. WAVE PROPAGATION IN SOLIDS
What are Seismic Waves? Presentation based upon information retrieved from: Movie clips from United Streaming.
Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
What are Seismic Waves? Presentation based upon information retrieved from: Movie clips from United Streaming.
 Earthquake Zones • About 95 percent of the major earthquakes occur in a few narrow zones.
Seismic Wave Propagation
What Is Seismology? Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through and around the earth. A seismologist is a scientist who.
Earthquakes
Epicenter the place on the earth’s surface just above the center of an earthquake This diagram shows the epicenter of an earthquake.
What are Seismic Waves? Presentation based upon information retrieved from: Movie clips from United Streaming.
EARTHQUAKES: WHY? AND HOW?
EARTHQUAKES: WHY? AND HOW?
EARTHQUAKES: WHY? AND HOW?
EARTHQUAKES: WHY? AND HOW?
Types of Seismic Waves Foldable
EARTHQUAKES: WHY? AND HOW?
Earthquakes.
THE STUDY OF EARTHQUAKES
What makes the Earth shake?
Earthquakes Chapter 12 Section 1
Earthquake Waves.
Earthquakes.
Presentation transcript:

What are Seismic Waves?

Types of Waves: Seismic Waves We will be covering: Body Waves Primary or p-wave Primary or p-wave –Compression wave Secondary or s-wave Secondary or s-wave –Transverse wave Surface Waves Love wave Love wave Rayleigh wave Rayleigh wave

Seismic Wave Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves.

Body Waves P Waves (compression wave) P Waves (compression wave) The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. This is the fastest kind of seismic wave. The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. It pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air. The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. This is the fastest kind of seismic wave. The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. It pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air.

Stop and Think Have you ever heard a big clap of thunder and heard the windows rattle at the same time? Have you ever heard a big clap of thunder and heard the windows rattle at the same time? The windows rattle because the sound waves were pushing and pulling on the window glass much like P waves push and pull on rock. Sometimes animals can hear the P waves of an earthquake. Usually we only feel the bump and rattle of these waves. The windows rattle because the sound waves were pushing and pulling on the window glass much like P waves push and pull on rock. Sometimes animals can hear the P waves of an earthquake. Usually we only feel the bump and rattle of these waves.

Body Waves S wave (transverse wave) S wave (transverse wave) The second type of body wave is the S wave or secondary wave, which is the second wave you feel in an earthquake. An S wave is slower than a P wave and can only move through solid rock. This wave moves rock up and down, or side-to-side. The second type of body wave is the S wave or secondary wave, which is the second wave you feel in an earthquake. An S wave is slower than a P wave and can only move through solid rock. This wave moves rock up and down, or side-to-side.

Surface Waves Love Waves Love Waves The first kind of surface wave is called a Love wave, named after A.E.H. Love, a British mathematician who worked out the mathematical model for this kind of wave in It's the fastest surface wave and moves the ground from side-to-side. The first kind of surface wave is called a Love wave, named after A.E.H. Love, a British mathematician who worked out the mathematical model for this kind of wave in It's the fastest surface wave and moves the ground from side-to-side.

Surface Waves Rayleigh Waves Rayleigh Waves The other kind of surface wave is the Rayleigh wave, named for John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, who mathematically predicted the existence of this kind of wave in A Rayleigh wave rolls along the ground just like a wave rolls across a lake or an ocean. Because it rolls, it moves the ground up and down, and side-to-side in the same direction that the wave is moving. Most of the shaking felt from an earthquake is due to the Rayleigh wave, which can be much larger than the other waves. The other kind of surface wave is the Rayleigh wave, named for John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, who mathematically predicted the existence of this kind of wave in A Rayleigh wave rolls along the ground just like a wave rolls across a lake or an ocean. Because it rolls, it moves the ground up and down, and side-to-side in the same direction that the wave is moving. Most of the shaking felt from an earthquake is due to the Rayleigh wave, which can be much larger than the other waves.

LET’S CONCLUDE WITH SOME VISUAL AIDS!

EARTHQUAKE WAVES 3 types of seismic waves show up on seismogram 3 types of seismic waves show up on seismogram –P waves: shake earth in same direction as wave; travel thru solid, liquid, gas –S waves: Shake earth sideways to wave direction; travel thru solids only –: circular movement of rock; travel on surface – cause most damage!! –Surface waves: circular movement of rock; travel on surface – cause most damage!!

EARTHQUAKE WAVES P waves move through solids & liquids S waves move through solids only!!!

EARTHQUAKE WAVES Body P wavesS waves waves AKA Moves through Movement of rock Primary (1st to arrive) Longitudinal, Compression all states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) back and forth movement of rock push/pull or compression/stretch out Like slinky down stairs Vibration is same as the direction of travel Secondary (2nd to arrive - larger) Transverse, Shear Can go through solids only Move sideways perpendicular to direction of wave travel Like snake