Utilization of byproducts by growing & finishing cattle G. Erickson, T. Klopfenstein & many students

Minnesota Distillers Website:

Each bushel of corn yields approximately: 1/3 EtOH 1/3 CO 2 1/3 Distillers byproducts

Ethanol Plants & Fed Cattle Population

Use Inclusion < 15% (2-3 lb): protein Inclusion > 15% (4+ lb): energy

DRY MILLING-WDG(+S) CORN GRIND, WET, COOK FERMENTATION YEAST, ENZYMES STILLALCOHOL & CO 2 STILLAGE DISTILLERS GRAINS WDG, DDG DISTILLERS SOLUBLES WDGS DDGS Abengoa Bioenergy, York, NE

Efficiency value Vander Pol et al., 2006 Nebraska Beef Rep. and 2005 Midwest ASAS

Efficiency value Buckner et al., 2007 Nebraska Beef Rep.

UNL Meta Analysis of WDGS Effect on Carcass Characteristics Virgil Bremer, Galen Erickson& Terry Klopfenstein Galen Erickson & Terry Klopfenstein

UNL Studies Used

Materials and Methods of Trials Diet % WDGS (DM basis) % DM roughage in diet Calves and Yearlings –Predominantly black crossbred steers 34 treatment means (n= 1257 hd) USDA called Quality grade on 500 = Small 0 Calculated YG used (n= 873) except when LM area unknown (n= 384)

Average Daily Gain Diet DM % WDGS ADG (lb) Intercept cov. P = 0.03L P < 0.01 ≠ 0 P < 0.01 Q P < 0.01

Feed Conversion Diet DM % WDGS F:G (lb/lb) Intercept cov. P = 0.04L P < 0.01 ≠ 0 P < 0.01 Q P = 0.09

12 th Rib Fat Depth Diet DM % WDGS 12 th Rib Fat (in) Intercept cov. P = 0.02L P < 0.01 ≠ 0 P < 0.01 Q P = 0.04

Marbling Score Diet DM % WDGS Marbling Score 500 = Small 0 InterceptSlope cov. P = 0.08cov. P = 0.09L P = 0.05 ≠ 0 P < 0.01 Q P = 0.05

WET MILLING-CGF CORNSTEEP WASH WATERGRIND SEPARATION WET CORN GLUTEN FEED STARCH, SWEETNER, ALCOHOL GLUTEN MEAL CORN OIL STEEPCORN BRAN DRY CORN GLUTEN FEED SEM, screenings, dist solubles Cargill wet milling, Blair, NE

UNL Meta Analysis of WCGF Effect on Carcass Characteristics Virgil Bremer, Galen Erickson& Terry Klopfenstein Galen Erickson & Terry Klopfenstein

UNL Studies Used

Materials and Methods of Trials Diets 0-40 % Sweet Bran ® (DM basis) DRC, HMC, or DRC:HMC control diet % DM roughage in diet Calves and Yearlings –Predominantly black crossbred steers 18 treatment means (n= 880 hd) USDA called Quality grade on 500 = Small 0

Average Daily Gain Diet DM % WCGF ADG (lb) Intercept cov. P = 0.05L P < 0.01 ≠ 0 P < 0.01 Q P = 0.67

Feed Conversion Diet DM % WCGF F:G (lb/lb) Intercept cov. P = 0.05L P = 0.03 ≠ 0 P < 0.01 Q P = 0.48

WDGSWCGF Fat –3.5 How do we use more? Fat limits WDGS to 40% Sulfur is a concern Feed combination of byproducts Feed "new" distillers products

BP (50:50 Blend) (%DM) WCGF/WDGS combination Loza et al., 2003

BP ADG WCGF/WDGS combination Loza et al., 2003

Feed Conversion Q = <0.05 L = 0.32 BP (%DM) Loza et al., 2003 WCGF/WDGS combination

New Economic Models for Performance Crystal Buckner, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, Darrell Mark

Economics for WDGS Corn at $3.50/bu; WDGS at 95% of corn price; miles are distance from ethanol plant to feedlot -$143.19

Issues Byproducts will be here Improve performance Not negative on quality (related to performance) Don't forget about WCGF Dry byproducts are different Distillers grains will not be created equal Energy content better than corn

Reasons For Feeding DG With Forage Crude Protein Undegradable Protein Energy P No Negative Assoc. Effects? “One Size Fits All”?

DDGS Summary DDGS, lb/d Grazing yrl Penned calves a Economics--$1.94$1.41 a One lb DDGS replaced.5 lb forage.

Stalk Grazing

       Max. Gain = 1.88 lb/d Standard Error = 0.10 Slope = Standard Error = Level WCGF Gain, lb/day Daily gain of steers supplemented with wet corn gluten feed on cornstalks.

Byproducts WDGS, modified (45% DM) WDGS, traditional (35% DM) WDG DDGS (25% solubles) DDG Syrup, distillers solubles, CCDS Dakota Bran WCGF (45% DM) WCGF-Sweet Bran (60% DM) DCGF Corn germ Steep

Feed Forms of “Regular” Distillers Grains

Bag a Bunker Grass hay, %15.0 (6.5)30-40 (17.0) Wheat straw, %12.5 (5.5)25-32 (13) Alfalfa hay, %22.5 (10.2)45-55 Dry distillers grains,%50 (28)--- Corn gluten feed, %60 (53.8)--- a 300 PSI. Wet distillers grains at 35% dry matter 65% moisture Red percentages are “as-fed” basis Adams et al. University of Nebraska Wet Distillers Grains plus Solubles Ingredient Combinations When Stored in a Silo Bag or Bunker Silo, Percentages are on a Dry Matter Basis

Bunker Silo of 60% WDG:40% Straw Using Mixer Wagon to Blend covered w/ Plastic

Bunker Silo 82% Modified Distillers:18% Hay Silage – Covered with Plastic and Hay

Issues Storage, handling, feeding challenges WDGS (35% DM) bunker with forage bag with forage Modified WDGS bag on its own bunker with forage WCGF bag on its own bunker with covering

Issues Can you pile them and cover? DDGS pellet at ~95% cube at ~70% meal? Biggest challenge is delivery current research area Should be economical! PRICE DM!

Beef Extension Page Beef Reports

Phosphorus

Intake Excretion Intake-Retention=Excretion Excretion in feces & urine Retained nutrients 10-15%

Excretion numbers using ASABE std approach AVGMINMAX Diet P, % * P Excretion7.0 lb4.6 lb 14.1 lb “old” std13.9 lb Diet CP, % * N Excretion64 lb57 lb 104 lb 150 days fed for an "average" steer Impact of DGS on excretion

P<0.01 P=0.07 Impact of DGS on N challenge N mass balance

NRC Dietary P in Feedlot Diets Impact of DGS on P challenge

NRC Our data Impact of DGS on P challenge Dietary P in Feedlot Diets

Relationship between P intake and manure harvested P (kg/hd/d) for cattle lots. Kissinger et al., 2006 NE Beef Report Dietary P effect on manure Impact of DGS on P challenge

Feedlot size (hd): ,00025,000 0 byp 0.30 P1,3205,30013, byp 0.40 P1,9007,60019, byp 0.50 P2,50010,00025,000 Assumes: 50% of land area accessible 185 bu corn, corn-soybean rotation, ~35 lb P per acre (80 lb P 2 O 5 ) Land Requirements, 4yr P basis (acres) Kissinger et al., 2006 NE Beef Report Impact of DGS on P challenge

CONTACT: Galen EricksonPH: Acknowledge: Abengoa Bioenergy Dakota Gold Research Nebraska Corn BoardChief Ethanol Cargill Wet Milling US Bio Platte Valley