AP A MERICAN G OVERNMENT Unit 3: The States, Ratification through Civil War

C ONSTITUTIONAL R ULES FOR THE S TATES Article I, Section 10 Clause 1: Contracts Clause States may not issue currency, but may issue bullion Definitions of Contract: Fletcher v. Peck (1810) and Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) Clause 2: States, like Congress, may not tax exports Clause 3: Compact Clause No interstate compacts without Congressional approval (i.e. Metro MSD, etc)

C ONSTITUTIONAL R ULES FOR THE S TATES Article IV Section 1 Full Faith and Credit Clause Section 2 Privileges and Immunities Clause (never tested) Congress must treat all citizens equally Citizens carry rights of their home while traveling in other states Extradition of Fugitives Clause Alleged criminals may not challenge Can be ordered by Federal Government ( Puerto Rico v. Branstad, 1987) Fugitive Slave Clause (Dead Letter – 13 th Amendment)

C ONSTITUTIONAL R ULES FOR THE S TATES Article IV Section 3 New States Clause Congress sets rules and passes law creating new State No State may be made out of an existing State (D.C. example) Secession issue??? (Civil War and Texas v. White, 1869) Territory Clause Congress has full authority over territories and owned property Dred Scott v. Sanford (1856) The Insular Cases ( )

C ONSTITUTIONAL R ULES FOR THE S TATES Article IV Section 4 Obligations Clause The Federal Government is to guarantee a republican form of government all States (dead letter – 14 th Amendment) Protections Clause The Federal Government shall protect States against “invasion and domestic violence” Never used directly Enforcement of Federal law issue with obligations clause – Little Rock Central High School, University of Mississippi integration, etc.

C ONSTITUTIONAL R ULES FOR THE S TATES 13 th Amendment States may not have slavery 14 th Amendment May not deny “due process of the law” nor “equal protection” to citizens of the United States 15 th, 19 th, 26 th Amendments May not deny the right to vote on a basis race, gender or age (over 18) 24 th Amendment May not tax citizens to vote