Warm Up: Clear your desks for Geography Quiz!

Peer Review Work with a partner Exchange homework Look for the following: Thesis – does it preview the paragraph? Comparisons – is a direct comparisons between the Assyrians and Phoenicians made? Evidence – are there specific details/facts that support the comparisons being made? Analysis- is there explanation as to why each similarity or difference discussed exists? What did your partner do well? What could be improved?

Essay Structure

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E. Phoenicians – Semitic speaking people living on the coast of modern Syria and Lebanon in the first millennia B.C.E. Referred to themselves as Canaanites

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E. A.Phoenician City-States 1. Origins Settled near modern Lebanon. the Phoenicians established a number of small city-states The major Phoenician city-states were Byblos, Berytus, Sidon, and Tyre.

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E

2. Trade and technology Deeply involved in trade -Raw materials (Cedar, Pine, Metals Incense, Papyrus) -Food stuffs (Wine, Spices, Fish) -Luxury Goods (Textiles, Ivory, Glass) Invented the first alphabetical writing system. -Did not include vowel sounds

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E. B. Expansion in the Mediterranean 1.Colonization expansion into the Mediterranean Colonies were established on: Cyprus, the North African coast, the south and southeast Spanish coast, Sardinia, Sicily, and Malta. See map page 88

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E. 2. Effects of Colonization Outlet for excess population New source of trade goods New trading partners Expanded the Phoenician trading to include entire Mediterranean

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E. 3. Colonization and Conflict expansion in Mediterranean brought Phoenicians into conflict with the Greeks Conflict over control of Sicily Savage wars for centuries By 3 rd century B.C.E. Phoenicians controlled Sicily

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E. C. Carthage’s Commercial Empire 1. Carthage Phoenician colony on the Coast of North Africa in modern Tunisia Became most powerful Phoenician city-state

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E 2. Geography Located on the Mediterranean Sea Hilltop citadel Surrounded by high walls Double harbor -Inner harbor for warships -Outer harbor for commercial ships Harbor could be closed by large chain during an attack

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E 3. Government Two “judges” elected from upper class families -Carried out administrative and judicial functions The Senate -Members of leading merchant families -Members sat for life -Formulated policy, directed affairs Occasionally the Senate convened an Assembly of Citizens to vote for important issues -Used when the Senate was divided, or to gain popular enthusiasm

Warm Up: Why did the Phoenicians create colonies? What were some of the effects of this colonization?

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E 4. Navy Navy was the source of Carthaginian power Dominated the W. Mediterranean Navy made up of fast, maneuverable galleys -Ram to pierce hull of enemy ship -Marines fired weapons from deck -Up to 170 rowers

Galley

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E 5. Foreign Policy Reflected economic interests Protect sea lanes, gain access to raw materials Created a commercial monopoly in the western Mediterranean

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E D. War and Religion 1.Control Ruled indirectly Allowed other Phoenician city-states to remain independent

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E 2. Military Citizens not required to serve in army More valuable participating in trade Had no enemies close to home Relied on mercenaries under Carthaginian command

V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, B.C.E 3. Religion Polytheistic Baal-Hammon was the chief god (male storm god) May have practiced child sacrifice to please gods

Review for Chapter 3 Test