The Periodic Table Headings: YELLOW Vocabulary: GREEN Important Stuff: PINK

Periodic Table  All periodic tables are a little different-always check the key  You can find the mass, # of p, n, e, state of matter, symbol, # of outer electrons.  Groups-the vertical columns on the periodic table  Periods-the horizontal rows on the periodic table

Groups of the Periodic Table-Key  Group 1: Alkali Metals-H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr  Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals-Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra  Group 3-12: Transition Metals  Group 17: Halogens-F, Cl, Br, I, At  Group 18: Noble Gases, full outer shell, nonreactive-He, Ne, Ar,Kr, Xe, Rn

Bohr Models  Outermost shell has to have 8 or less  Outermost electrons are called valence electrons  The # of electrons is the same as the group number  Ex: All halogens, group 7, have 7 valence electrons

Reactivity  Elements in groups have similar characteristics and reactivity due to the number of valence electrons  All of the alkali metals have one electron in their outer shell and are highly reactive!

Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids-  Left side of periodic table are metals  Staircase: metalloids-have properties of metals and nonmetals  Right side of periodic table is made up of nonmetals after the staircase

Bonding  Two Types: Covalent: 2 atoms share electrons –Found in most compounds making up living things –Results in the formation of a molecule Ionic : The gaining or losing of electrons –Increases the stability of an atom –Results in ions (positively or negatively charged particles)  Cation – positively charged particle- forms when an atom loses electrons  Anion - negatively charged particle- forms when an atom gains electrons

Chemical Reactions  The rate of a chemical reaction can be increased Two ways – Catalyst - a man-made substance that lowers the amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction, therefore speeding up the reaction.  It doesn’t increase the amount of product made or get used up – Enzyme - a protein in our body that lowers activation energy and therefore speeds up a chemical reaction  EX. Metabolic process such as digestion  End in the suffix ASE.  Reactant Yields a Product Ex. N 2 + 3H 2 = 2 NH 3