European Port Governance ‘The ESPO Fact-Finding Report’ Patrick Verhoeven AmCham Latvia – Riga, 22 November

Summary 1.Devolution 2.Corporate governance 3.Functional autonomy 4.Functional pro-activeness 5.Investment responsibility 6.Financial autonomy 7.Concluding observations 2

Hanse: Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Iceland New Hanse: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia Anglo-Saxon: UK and Ireland Latin: France, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Malta, Greece, Cyprus and Israel New Latin: Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria and Romania 3

Responding port authorities per region 4

1. Devolution 5

Ownership of port authorities 6

Frequency of contacts with government 7

National reforms and re-organisations 8

Legal form of port authorities 9

2. Corporate Governance 10

11 Economic objectives of port authorities

End responsibility for appointing top management executive of the PA 12

Average composition of supervisory / governing body, in n° of people 13

Use of public selection procedures to contract out port land 14

Accounting 15

Port authorities subject to taxation 16

3. Operational Profile 17

Direct provision of operational services 18

4. Functional Autonomy 19

Governance of port land 20

Regulator function: Harbour Master 57,3 % Harbour Master is fully integrated in the port authority organisation 21

5. Functional Pro-activeness 22

Clauses generally applied in major contractual arrangements 23

Port authorities issuing own regulations 24

Involvement of PA in actions / initiatives that benefit the entire port community 25

PA involved in societal integration initiatives 26

Strategic partnerships and direct investments with other ports 27

Export of regulatory expertise 28

PA providing services outside their own port(s) 29

6. Investment Responsibility 30

31

7. Financial Autonomy 32

Average income profile PA 33

Legal nature of port charges (PA) 34

Calculation basis of general port dues 35

Port charges – autonomy PA 36

General financial autonomy PA 37

7. Concluding Observations 38

Most European PA converge towards ‘facilitator’ type ‘Renaissance’ ambitions PA limited / enabled by diversity in governance frameworks Traditional Hanse, Latin and Anglo-Saxon frameworks explain most of the diversity New regions ‘in between’ but closer to Latin Most PA are Hanse or Latin: north-south duality Size matters (but not always) Influence EU law and policy: new EU ‘Ports Package’ 39

Thank you for your attention Patrick Verhoeven – Secretary General European Sea Ports Organisation (ESPO) Treurenberg 6 – B-1000 Brussel / Bruxelles - Tel – Fax –