THE WATER CYCLE EVAPORATION CONDENSATION PRECIPITATION SURFACE RUNOFF INFILTRATION TRANSPIRATION Rain, Snow, Sleet, Hail Water vapor turning to liquid Water flowing on the surface of the land Plants are needed Water absorbing into the soil Liquid changing states to a gas Draw lines to connect the parts of the water cycle to a description of the part

The sun EVAPORATES the water from the hydrosphere. Evaporation means turning from liquid state to a gas state. Water is now water vapor, an invisible gas

EVAPORATION Water changing states to a gas (water vapor) Heat is needed and speeds up the process Greater surface area speeds up the process Less humid air evaporates quicker

EVAPORATES QUICKLYEVAPORATES SLOWLY Write a “Q” on the picture if you think it will evaporate quickly. Write an “S” if you think it will evaporate slowly. Sunny Day Cloudy Day Small surface area Large surface area Dry air Humid air

CONDENSATION Water changing from a gas to a liquid!!! Occurs when water vapor touches a cool surface. Clouds form during condensation

PRECIPITATION RAIN

PRECIPITATION SNOW

PRECIPITATION SLEET

PRECIPITATION HAIL

SURFACE RUNOFF WHAT IS IT? Water flowing on the surface of the land

SURFACE RUNOFF IS MORE LIKELY TO OCCUR WHEN… Water falls on a steep slope? Water falls on a gentle slope? STEEP SLOPE IS CORRECT!!!

Who do you think is moving faster? The skier on the steep slope or the girl on the gentle slope? Water on a steep slope is also moving faster. It is moving so fast is will runoff instead of absorb into the ground

SURFACE RUNOFF IS MORE LIKELY TO OCCUR IN… SURFACE RUNOFF IS MORE LIKELY TO OCCUR IN… Urban AreasAgricultural Areas The correct answer is… Urban areas

WATER CANNOT ABSORB INTO CONCRETE. IT HAS TO RUNOFF. URBAN AREAS HAVE A LOT OF CONCRETE

Surface Runoff is most likely to occur in areas with… Dense Vegetation Sparse Vegetation Dense vegetation slows the water allowing it to absorb into the soil. Sparse vegetation allows the water to move more freely making surface runoff more likely.

Surface Runoff is most likely when moving over… Less porous ground…sand More porous ground…gravel YEAH Porous means able to absorb fluid

Porosity—measure of the % of pore space in rock and/or soil compared to its total volume Which one can you see more purple? This one has more pore spaces and is called more porous. SAND GRAVEL

Surface Runoff is most likely to occur when the ground is… saturateddry CORRECT!!!

Surface runoff is most likely to occur during a… Surface runoff is most likely to occur during a… Torrential Downpour Gentle Rain You solved the mystery

If the rainfall is extremely intense, the surface runoff becomes a flash flood.

Permeability—the ability of fluids (commonly water and oil) to flow through a material (rock or soil)

 Ice often causes the ground to be impermeable Water cannot seep into the frozen ground Surface Runoff is more likely to occur when the ground is frozen

INFILTRATION Infiltration is when water absorbs into the soil by seeping into pore spaces in the soil and rock

INFILTRATIONS IS MORE LIKELY TO OCCUR WHEN… Water falls on a steep slope? Water falls on a gentle slope? GENTLE SLOPE IS CORRECT!!!

Who do you think is moving slower? The skier on the steep slope or the girl on the gentle slope? Water on a gentle slope is also moving slower. It is moving so slowly it begins to absorb into the ground.

INFILTRATION IS MORE LIKELY TO OCCUR IN… INFILTRATION IS MORE LIKELY TO OCCUR IN… Urban AreasAgricultural Areas The correct answer is…

CHURNED UP SOIL IS EASY FOR WATER TO ABSORB INTO…INFILTRATION OCCURS!!! AGRICULTURAL AREAS HAVE A LOT OF CHURNED UP SOIL

Infiltration is most likely to occur in areas with… Dense Vegetation Sparse Vegetation Dense vegetation slows the water allowing it to absorb into the soil…INFILTRATION!!!

Infiltration is most likely when moving over… Less porous ground…sand More porous ground…gravel YEAH Porous means able to absorb fluid

Infiltration is most likely to occur when the ground is… saturateddry CORRECT!!!

Infiltration is most likely to occur during a… Infiltration is most likely to occur during a… Torrential Downpour Gentle Rain You solved the mystery

TRANSPIRATION Transpiration is water evaporating through the leaves of plants

TRANSPIRATION The small openings on the underside of leaves are called stomata

During the winter, the stomata get very small. Less transpiration occurs. During the summer, the stomata get larger. More transpiration occurs