Canadian Geography 1202 Chapter 7 Water

Water Facts Oceans cover 70% of the planet Oceans cover 70% of the planet

Water Facts Water makes up about 65% of our bodies and about 83% of our blood. Water makes up about 65% of our bodies and about 83% of our blood.

Water Facts We need about 2.4L of water each day to stay healthy. We need about 2.4L of water each day to stay healthy. 2% loss of fluid body weight can lower athletic performance by 10-20%. More than that causes lower reaction times and affects judgement and concentration. 2% loss of fluid body weight can lower athletic performance by 10-20%. More than that causes lower reaction times and affects judgement and concentration.

Water Facts Canada has about 20% of the world`s total fresh water, but only 9% is renewable Canada has about 20% of the world`s total fresh water, but only 9% is renewable

Water Facts We each use an average of 125, 000L of water per year We each use an average of 125, 000L of water per year

Section Questions Questions 1,2,3 page 106 Questions 1,2,3 page 106 Use Microsoft Excel to create the graphs Use Microsoft Excel to create the graphs

The Hydrologic Cycle The constant movement and evaporation of water from the oceans, lakes and other bodies of water. The constant movement and evaporation of water from the oceans, lakes and other bodies of water. Key Terms Evaporation Transpiration Runoff Groundwater Infiltration Condensation

Groundwater (see figure 7.6, p.108) Most (2/3) of the world’s fresh water is stored below ground. Most (2/3) of the world’s fresh water is stored below ground. Water Table: upper level at which groundwater is available. Water Table: upper level at which groundwater is available. Aquifer: a porous rock layer that holds groundwater and allows it to flow freely. Aquifer: a porous rock layer that holds groundwater and allows it to flow freely.

Runoff and Drainage Basins Runoff: water that flows over the ground during heavy rains or thaws Runoff: water that flows over the ground during heavy rains or thaws

Runoff and Drainage Basins Drainage Basin: the area that is drained by a major river and its tributaries. Drainage Basin: the area that is drained by a major river and its tributaries. –Source: where a river begins –Tributary: stream or river draining into a larger stream or river –Mouth: point where a river enters a lake or sea –Watershed: an imaginary line that marks the boundary between 2 drainage basins.

Runoff & Drainage Basins Section Questions: Section Questions: –Know all terms –Be able to label diagrams of a hydrologic cycle, aquifer, drainage basin –#6 (p. 109), #7a,c (p.111). Use atlases. Do them now!

Classifying water use (p.116) Withdrawl Water Use: water is removed from its natural location Withdrawl Water Use: water is removed from its natural location –Ex. Running the tap at home. Instream Water Use: water is not removed from its natural location Instream Water Use: water is not removed from its natural location –Ex. Riding a jet-ski on Badger Lake. Respond to Questions#21, p116 Respond to Questions#21, p116

Problems With our Water Supply: Water Shortages Water Shortages –Some parts of Canada do not receive enough rain, as shown on fig 7.14, p118. –Respond to #24 p 117

Problems With our Water Supply (p.117) Dams & Diversions Dams & Diversions –One way to get water to drier areas is to build dams. Some store water for dry periods, others divert it from one drainage basin to another (interbasin transfer). This allows the heavily populated southern regions to get water for power, industry, farms & cities.

Problems With our Water Supply: The James Bay Project (see figs 7.17 & 7.18) is the largest interbasin transfer in Canada The James Bay Project (see figs 7.17 & 7.18) is the largest interbasin transfer in Canada Respond to #27a,c & 28, p121. Respond to #27a,c & 28, p121.

Problems With our Water Supply: Climate Change & Water Supply Climate Change & Water Supply –Global Warming: the gradual rising in temperature due to C02 & other greenhouse gas emissions. –Some possible effects are shown in fig Respond to #29a, p122

Canadian Water Exports: an Issue (p.122) –If temperatures do rise, water levels in the southern and western U.S. will drop, causing shortages and drought for farmers. –Pressure to export water to the U.S. would increase. This raises some issues, as laid out on p123. Read about them and respond to #30-31.

The Problem of Water Quality (p.125) Toxin: chemical substance harmful to living things. Some are PCBs, herbicides, oils, road salt, radioactive waste and Brett Butler’s shorts. Other examples appear in fig Toxin: chemical substance harmful to living things. Some are PCBs, herbicides, oils, road salt, radioactive waste and Brett Butler’s shorts. Other examples appear in fig –Toxins can cause cancer, nerve disorders & birth defects. The long-term effects are still not known. –Respond to #33

The Problem of Water Quality Cleaning up the Great Lakes (p.126) Cleaning up the Great Lakes (p.126) –Read this section, p –Respond to #35, p.126 –Respond to these questions: 1. What did Canada and the U.S. do to clean them up? 2. Were the Great Lakes still polluted, up to 1992?

Simulation: evaluating a hydroelectric power project (p.128) You will be divided into groups of 5-6 for this activity and you will use the information from the text only. You will be divided into groups of 5-6 for this activity and you will use the information from the text only. Read the directions and briefing notes on pages Read the directions and briefing notes on pages This should take 2 classes; one to prepare and one to present your group’s views. This should take 2 classes; one to prepare and one to present your group’s views.