c MILESTONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MASS HIGHER EDUCATION USA - Land Grant - GI Bill.

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c MILESTONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MASS HIGHER EDUCATION USA - Land Grant - GI Bill

c MILESTONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MASS HIGHER EDUCATION USA - Land Grant - GI Bill UK - The Open University

c ILLINOIS BOARD OF HIGHER EDUCATION June 8, 1999 Aurora, IL Technology, Higher Education and the Public Interest Sir John Daniel Vice-Chancellor, The Open University, UK President, United States Open University For text:

c Four issues: - Why distance learning?

c Four issues: - Why distance learning? - Benefits of distance learning

c Four issues: - Why distance learning? - Benefits of distance learning - Technology in Illinois

c Four issues: - Why distance learning? - Benefits of distance learning - Technology in Illinois - United States Open University

c Four issues: What can distance learning do for you?

c TECHNOLOGY IS THE ANSWER: WHAT WAS THE QUESTION?

c COST ACCESS QUALITY THE ETERNALLY CHALLENGING TRIANGLE

c OR QUADRILATERAL... COST ACCESS FLEXIBILITY QUALITY

c COST ACCESS QUALITY THE ETERNALLY CHALLENGING TRIANGLE

c WHAT ABOUT QUALITY? ?

c UK Quality Assurance Agency for HE 1. Audit of QA processes 2. Assessment of Teaching Quality 3. Assessment of Research

c CHALLENGES Access Cost Flexibility

c QUALITY THE ETERNALLY CHALLENGING TRIANGLE FLEXIBILITYCOST

c ACCESS QUALITY THE ETERNALLY CHALLENGING TRIANGLE

c What is technology? …the application of scientific and other organized knowledge to practical tasks by organizations consisting of people and machines..

c new applications of technology rather than applications of new technology

c Distance learning uses hard and soft technologies... the soft technologies of approaches and processes the hard technologies of bits and electrons

c THE KEY soft TECHNOLOGIES - DIVISION OF LABOR - SPECIALIZATION - TEAMWORK - PROJECT MANAGEMENT

c MEGA-UNIVERSITY u distance teaching u 100,000+ students u unitary structure

c THE MEGA-UNIVERSITIES CHINA: TV university system FRANCE: Centre National dEnseignement à Distance INDIA: Indira Gandhi National Open University INDONESIA: Universitas Terbuka IRAN: Payame Noor University KOREA: Korea National Open University SOUTH AFRICA: University of South Africa SPAIN: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia THAILAND: Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University TURKEY: Anadolu University UNITED KINGDOM: The Open University

c Costs compared: USA (1996) 3,500 institutions 14 million students $175 billion spent on HE = ~$12,500 per student MEGA-UNIVERSITIES (1996) 11 institutions 2.8 million students $ 1 billion total budgets = ~$350 per student

c Unit costs per student expressed as % of average unit costs in each national university system CHINA FRANCE INDIA INDONESIA IRAN KOREA S. AFRICA SPAIN THAILAND TURKEY UK China TV University system Centre National dEnseignement a Distance Indira Gandhi National Open University Universitas Terbuka Payame Noor University Korea National Open University University of South Africa Univ. Nat. de Educacion a Distancia Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University Anadolu University The Open University %

c WHAT ABOUT QUALITY? ?

c BRITAINS TOP TWENTY UNIVERSITIES (Quality Rankings of Teaching Programmes) 1Cambridge12 Lancaster 2York13St Andrews 3Oxford14Loughborough 4Imperial15 Southampton 5LSE16 Cardiff 6Warwick17 Glasgow 7Nottingham18Bangor 8Durham19Birmingham 9 University College London20Bristol 10Sheffield 11OPEN UNIVERSITY

c United Kingdom 1998 Teaching Quality Assessment of GENERAL ENGINEERING 24/24 The Open University

c United Kingdom 1998 Teaching Quality Assessment of GENERAL ENGINEERING 24/24 The Open University 23/24 Cambridge University

c FACT The majority of all students in English universities studying in excellent-rated programs in: Earth Sciences Music Chemistry General Engineering are Open University students.

c The link between quality and exclusivity, that has tarnished universities throughout history, has finally been broken.

c The Open University? - why - what? - who? - when? - where? - how?

c Q:WHY? Political input 1. Harold Wilson: Access; Use of broadcasting 2. Jennie Lee Quality; Autonomy 3. Margaret Thatcher Lower costs

c The Open University mission - open to people - open to places - open to methods - open to ideas

c The Open University - degree students: 160,000 - graduate school: 30,000 - research degree: 1,500 - outside UK: 30,000 - annual budget ~$400m

c The Open University Total staff: 11,000 Full-time faculty: 800 Associate faculty: 7,500 Other full-time staff: 2,800

c The Open University - outside UK: 30,000 - main examination session: 156,000 scripts; 111 countries

c SUCCESSFUL SUPPORTED OPEN LEARNING - Quality materials

c SUCCESSFUL SUPPORTED OPEN LEARNING - Quality materials - Support for each student

c SUCCESSFUL SUPPORTED OPEN LEARNING - Quality materials - Support for each student - Good logistics

c SUCCESSFUL SUPPORTED OPEN LEARNING - Quality materials - Support for each student - Good logistics - Roots in research

c THE INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY - advice on course design - student surveys - teaching effectiveness - consultancy

c THE KNOWLEDGE MEDIA INSTITUTE - Leading edge development of the Web; - Scaling up Net technologies; - Enabling technologies - New Internet applications

c Four issues: - Why distance learning? - Benefits of distance learning - Technology in Illinois

c Requisite Variety in Illinois 1. Illinois Video Education Network - extending into the home

c Requisite Variety in Illinois 1. Illinois Video Education Network - extending into the home 2. Online Library Services and DE

c Requisite Variety in Illinois 1. Illinois Video Education Network - extending into the home 2. Online Library Services and DE 3. Satellite-based instruction (N.Leigh)

c Requisite Variety in Illinois 1. Illinois Video Education Network - extending into the home 2. Online Library Services and DE 3. Satellite-based instruction (N.Leigh) 4. TechKnowledgy Project

c The Open University in the USA - Partnerships: with FSU (Masters, Upper Division) with CSU (CalStateTeach)

c The Open University in the USA - Partnerships: with FSU (Masters, Upper Division) with CSU (CalStateTeach) - Sister University: United States Open University

c - own programs: Masters, Upper Division

c United States Open University - own programs: Masters, Upper Division - partnerships: universities; community colleges

c United States Open University Competency + credit Western Governors University

c ILLINOIS BOARD OF HIGHER EDUCATION June 8, 1999 Aurora, IL Technology, Higher Education and the Public Interest Sir John Daniel Vice-Chancellor, The Open University, UK President, United States Open University For text: