Kelley Hopkins ED 505

 Digital citizenship includes rules and guidelines to help technology users understand how to use technology appropriately  Categories of Digital Citizenship  Netiquette  Copyright and Fair Use  Plagiarism  Safety on the Internet  Safety on the Computer

 What is netiquette?  Netiquette is network etiquette, or a set of rules for behaving properly online  Guidelines exist for understanding how to behave when in cyberspace  A complete list of guidelines can be found at

Do’s and Don’ts of Social Netiquettes DO…  Behave ethically  Take time to research places you go online  Put your best foot forward (others can see what you put online, even your boss!)  Share knowledge  Be forgiving of others mistakes (Shea, 2011)

DON’T…  Participate in “flaming,” which is when people express strong opinions without holding back emotion (Shea, 2011)  Invade other’s privacy  Forget you are interacting with humans  Abuse your power  Send SPAM or chain s (Shea, 2011)

Copyright is defined by Merriam Webster as… “the exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, sell or redistribute the matter and form of something (as a literary, musical, or artistic work)” (Merriam Webster, 2012)

Copyright Categories Include:  Literary works  Musical works  Dramatic works  Choreographic works  Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works  Motion pictures and AV works  Sound recordings  Architectural works (Parness, 2012)

Fair Use is defined by Merriam Webster as… “a legal doctrine that portions of copyrighted materials may be used without permission of the copyright owner provided the use is fair and reasonable, does not substantially impair the value of the materials, and does not curtail the profits reasonably expected by the owner” (Merriam-Webster, 2012)

 Fair use allows for copyrighted materials to be used for educational purposes without needing permission from the owners of the material  Fair use depends on four factors:  The purpose of the used material  The nature of the used material  The amount of material used  The affect on the market of the original owner (Crews, 2011)

Fair Use Rules for Media  Teachers can make copies of…  A chapter from a book (the lesser of 10% or 1000 words)  An article from a periodical  A short story, essay, or poem (poem of 250 words of less)  Copies of an article, essay, or story (2500 words or less or less than 10 %)  Copies of charts, graphs, diagrams, or pictures (no more than 10% or 5 images/artist  Music (up to 10% but no longer than 30 seconds) (UMUC, 2011)

Plagiarize is defined by Merriam Webster as… “to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own : use (another's production) without crediting the source “ Or “to commit literary theft : present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source” (Merriam-Webster, 2012)

How to Avoid Plagiarism  Learn:  How to cite sources and give credit where credit is due  In-text citations as well as a reference page  How to paraphrase correctly  To use your own ideas (The College Board, 2012)

Ways to Check For Plagiarism  There are many websites that will check for plagiarism. These include:  Turnitin.com  Plagiarismchecker.com  Academicplagiarism.com  Checkforplagiarism.net

Safety Issues on the Internet Include…  Identity Theft  Reputation Management  Password Safety  Cyberbullying  Cyberstalking

 Identity theft occurs when someone steals your identify information, such as your name, social security number, or financial information  As many as 9 million Americans have their identity stolen each year  Identity theft happens by:  Dumpster diving  Skimming  Phishing (SPAM )  Changing your address (FTC, 2012)

Ways to Protect Yourself from Identity Theft  Monitor all accounts on a monthly basis  Be aware of what is happening to your accounts  Check your credit reports regularly  BE AWARE!

Steps to Managing Your Online Reputation  Register your username on websites  Manage privacy settings carefully  Set up monitor alerts to catch every mention of your name  Get involved in the online conversation  Build credibility (Outspoken Media, 2011)

Choosing Passwords  Your password authenticates who you are to your computer  Computer users should choose strong passwords that are difficult to decipher  Computer users should also take every caution to safeguard their passwords

How to Choose a Good Password  Choose a password with at least six characters  Mix upper and lower case with other punctuation  Use uncommon phrases  Use misspelled words  Use a password that would be random to anyone but yourself (Wells, 2012)

Tips for Safeguarding a Password  Do NOT share your password with anyone  Make your password something easy to remember  Make your password difficult for others to guess  Do NOT fall victim to an scam asking for you to change your password (Wells, 2012)

 Cyberbullying is defined as… “when a child, preteen or teen is tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliated, embarrassed or otherwise targeted by another child, preteen or teen using the Internet, interactive and digital technologies or mobile phones. It has to have a minor on both sides, or at least have been instigated by a minor against another minor.” (Wired Kids, 2012)

 There are two types of cyberbullying  Direct attacks: those sent directly to the child  Direct attacks may be perpetrated through text, , on blogs, websites, or other social media  Cyberbullying by proxy: where the bullying is done using the help of another person, either knowingly or unknowingly  Cyberbullying by proxy can sometimes become even more dangerous if adults become involved (Wired Kids, 2012)

Preventing cyberbullying can be done by:  Educating children about the consequences  Teaching children how to respect each other and take a stand  Explaining cyberbullying laws to children  Great information about cyberbullying can be found at (Wired Kids, 2012)

 Cyberstalking is “threatening behavior or unwanted advances directed at another using the Internet and other forms of online and computer communications”  Cyberstalkers stalk their victims through online media, such as chat rooms, forums, and  Some cyberstalking situations advance to off-line stalking, which can result in excessive phone calls, threats, vandalism, and even assault (National Center for Victims of Crime, 2011)

Help for victims of cyberstalking  Victims under age 18 should tell an adult  Send the stalker a clear warning in written form that the communication is not wanted  File a complaint with Internet providers  Collect evidence and documentation  Keep a log of communication  Contact local authorities  Change personal information, such as addresses and phone numbers (National Center for Victims of Crime, 2011)

Safety on your computer can be compromised by:  Viruses  Phishing  Trojan Horses  Worms

 According to Merriam Webster, a virus is… “a computer program usually hidden within another seemingly innocuous program that produces copies of itself and inserts them into other programs or files, and that usually performs a malicious action (such as destroying data)”  There are two categories of viruses  Macro virus  Worms  Viruses are always man-made, but they can’t always be controlled once they are started (Merriam Webster, 2012; UITS, 2010)

Facts about computer viruses  A virus is the result of a program someone has written and placed inside a computer program  Some viruses can erase all the information on the place it is found inside your computer  Once in your computer, a virus hides in a computer’s memory and starts duplicating itself when the program it is attached to is run  Viruses can affect RAM and computer discs  Programs have been developed to detect and fix viruses found on a computer (Beal, 2011)

 Phishing is a method of online identity theft  Phishers can steal your personal and financial data  Phishers can also infect your computer with viruses  Phishing involves:  Planning  Setup  Attack  Collection  Identity theft / fraud (How Stuff Works, 2011)

 A trojan horse is a program that does something that the installer is unaware of but the programmer planned  A trojan horse appears to be useful software but does damage to your computer once it is installed  Trojan horses can cause serious damage to your computer by deleting important files or destroying system information  Trojan horses to not reproduce to infect other files or self-replicate (Beal, 2011)

Worms  Are a sub-class of a computer virus  Can spread from computer to computer without human help  Can replicate itself on your system, thus sending out thousands of copies rather than just one virus  Can travel across networks, causing individual, server, and network problems (Beal, 2011)

Preventing Computer Attacks  Keep your Operating System up to date  Install an anti-virus software, such as Norton Anti-Virus  Download updates frequently  Use a firewall to prevent unauthorized use of your system (Beal, 2011)

Beal, V. (2011, March 29). The difference between a computer virus, worm, and trojan horse. Retrieved from Copyright In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved February 8, 2012, from Crews, K. (2011, December 22). Copyright quick guide. Retrieved from Fair Use In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved February 9, 2012, from FTC. (2012). Fighting back against identity theft. Retrieved from How Stuff Works. (2011). How phishing works. Retrieved from National Center for Victims of Crime. (2011). Cyberstalking. Retrieved from Outspoken Media. (2011). The online reputation management guide. Retrieved from Parness, A. (2012). Copyright basics. Retrieved from Plagiarize In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved February 9, 2012, from

Shea, V. (2011). The core rules of netiquette. Retrieved from The College Board. (2012). How to avoid plagiarism: Give credit where credit's due. Retrieved from UITS. (2010). What are viruses, worms, & trojan horses. Retrieved from University of Maryland College. (2011, January 28). Copyright and fair use in the umuc online or face-to-face classroom. Retrieved from Viruses In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved February 9, 2012, from Wells, S. (2012, January 16). Choosing a good password. Retrieved from Wired Kids. (2012). Stop cyberbullying. Retrieved from