CYTOKINES!
02 Initial cytokines to respond to injury and infection? TNF- and IL-1
02 Which cells are largest producers of TNF- ? Macrophages
02 Which cytokine is responsible for fever? IL-1 Alveolar macrophages release IL-1 which is why you can get fever with atelectasis.
02 Which cytokine increases hepatic acute phase proteins? IL-6
02 Lymphocytes release what in response to viral infection? Interferons
02 CRP, amyloid A & P, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, -1 antitrypsin, -1 antichymotrypsin, and C3 are examples of what? Hepatic acute phase proteins - Most potent stimulant for release? - IL-6
02 Which factor is the convergence point of the classic and alternative complement pathways? C3
02 Mechanism of action of NSAIDs? Inhibits cyclooxygenase (reversible)
02 Drug that is an irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor? Aspirin
02 AspirinNSAIDS -
What enzyme do steroids inhibit? Phospholipase
02 These are “slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis”? Leukotrienes
02 When do catecholamines peak? hours post injury
02 Epinephrine released primarily from? Adrenal medulla
02 CXC chemokines promote chemotaxis, angiogenesis, and wound healing - what are those chemokines? IL-8 Platelet factor 4
02 Primary mediators of reperfusion injury? PMNs
02 Chronic granulomatous disease is a defect in which enzyme? NADPH oxidase
02 Precursor for nitric oxide? (NO is also called endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)) Arginine
02
Main source of histamine in blood and tissue respectively? Basophils and mast cells
02 Enzyme that inactivates bradykinin? ACE
02 PAF (platelet-activating factor) is not stored - generated by? Phospholipase in endothelium
02 Overproduction of which factor can lead to fibrosis? TGF-
02 Which factor can help accelerate wound healing? PDGF
02 Which factor helps stimulate angiogenesis and is involved in tumor metastasis? V-EGF