Do Now: Good Morning DEAR ‘There’s an elephant in the room’ is a saying that means sometimes in life there is a glaring issue staring everyone in the face, but no one wants to confront it. Choose one of these two quotes that are related to ‘the elephant’ and respond. Can you think of a time when there was an elephant in your living room? Or classroom? “The important thing is the obvious thing that nobody talks about.” — William S. Burroughs — William S. Burroughs "When there’s an elephant in the room introduce him." — Randy Pausch

Do Now: Where in the world is Ms. Hunko? 1.I am learning herding techniques from the Masai people in this East African country that borders Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Somalia. 2.Whoa! The air is thin up here! I am climbing the world’s tallest mountain in this country in the Himalayas. Hint – I’m pretty close to the Tibet region of China and Bhutan. 3.It sure is damp… I’m in the rainforests of this South American country, home to the father of magical realism, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and whose capital is Bogota. 4.I am in a former Soviet country which is nestled between Russia and Latvia. The view of the Baltic Sea from Talinn is gorgeous!

The United Nations The United Nations is the organization formed at the close of World War II to improve the condition of developing countries and to maintain world peace. The United Nations acts as an international philanthropist* * someone who gives money to the needy What does their logo symbolize What does their logo symbolize?

The United Nations The UN has representatives from 192 countries The UN Security Council makes decisions such as when to step into a conflict like Rwanda or Libya There are 5 countries always in the UN Security Council: China, UK, Russia, USA and France. The other 10 countries rotate. Note: China, UK, Russia, USA and France all must agree!

Roleplaying the United Nations Each of your tables will represent one country in the UN security council Discuss your answer to the question: Should we establish a no-fly zone over Libya? Background Info: A no-fly zone says that no one can fly over Libya – or else they will be shot down. Some people wanted a no-fly zone in order to stop the civil war and President Qaddafy’s attacks on civilians Some people did not want a no-fly zone because it could start a bigger war. Note: China, UK, Russia, USA and France all must agree!

Economic Geography: the study of the flow of goods and services through space New York Stock Exchange Fiat Factory, Italy Chemist in Laboratory

Today’s Big Ideas Economic Sectors Industrialization and Post- Industrialization Next class: Today’s global economy Core-periphery (Int’l div. of labor) Theories

Primary Activities Harvest and direct removal of raw materials such as mining, forestry, ranching and agricultureHarvest and direct removal of raw materials such as mining, forestry, ranching and agriculture Most important in the LDCs.Most important in the LDCs. More Examples:More Examples: –Subsistence Agriculture –Fishing and Forestry –Mining and Quarrying –Ranching and Nomadic Herding

Primary Products The percentage of people working in agriculture exceeds 75% in many LDCs of Africa and Asia. In Anglo-America and Western Europe the figure is <5%

Secondary Activities (manufacturing) Processing and transforming natural resources into goods for consumptionProcessing and transforming natural resources into goods for consumption These used to be most important in MDCs (like the US) but increasingly important in the semi-periphery or countries not as dev. (Korea, Mexico, Brazil, Singapore)These used to be most important in MDCs (like the US) but increasingly important in the semi-periphery or countries not as dev. (Korea, Mexico, Brazil, Singapore) Examples:Examples: – Steel –Textiles –Auto assembly

Secondary Activities (manufacturing)

Tertiary Activities (service) Exchange of goods produced in secondary activitiesExchange of goods produced in secondary activities Most important service centers are major citiesMost important service centers are major cities Examples:Examples: –Retail –Restaurants –Banking –Basic services

Quaternary and Quinary Activities (knowledge and beyond) Activities having to do with generating or exchanging knowledge (quarternary)Activities having to do with generating or exchanging knowledge (quarternary) High-level decision making and scientific research (quinary)High-level decision making and scientific research (quinary) Examples:Examples: –Education –Law –Research & development –Information technology –Less-developed countries often focus on tourism.

Industrialization Began with the Industrial Revolution that arose in England in the late 1700sBegan with the Industrial Revolution that arose in England in the late 1700s The IR led to profound changes to economies, especially those in Europe, East Asia and North America (these areas are home to most of the world’s industrialized countries)The IR led to profound changes to economies, especially those in Europe, East Asia and North America (these areas are home to most of the world’s industrialized countries)

Industrialization Before the IR people produced goods and services in small shopsBefore the IR people produced goods and services in small shops After the IR, large scale industrialization or mass production dominatesAfter the IR, large scale industrialization or mass production dominates

Deindustrialization/Post-Industrialization Since the 1970’s most highly developed countries, who once were major manufacturers, have shifted to information and service- based economiesSince the 1970’s most highly developed countries, who once were major manufacturers, have shifted to information and service- based economies –MDC’s today: Tertiary activities and beyond Industry has moved to less- developed countries where it’s cheaper to produce and manufactureIndustry has moved to less- developed countries where it’s cheaper to produce and manufacture

Deindustrialization/Post-Industrialization MDC’s are still the major consumers and house the major corporationsMDC’s are still the major consumers and house the major corporations Because of deindustrialization, or what happens when industry leaves an area, many places in the US & UK – the Rust Belt of the Midwest and central Britain – have suffered economicallyBecause of deindustrialization, or what happens when industry leaves an area, many places in the US & UK – the Rust Belt of the Midwest and central Britain – have suffered economically

Do Now: Homework Discussion Take out you Roger & Me Free Response Question HW. Discuss your responses with your tablemates. Allow everyone at least 1 min. Be ready to share your most salient* idea from the homework to the class. (5 min) *particularly striking with its significance

Today’s Big Ideas The International Division of Labor: The Global Economy Core-Periphery Model Theories Next class: Quest

What is division of labor? Division of labor is the specialization of labor into specific tasks and rolesDivision of labor is the specialization of labor into specific tasks and roles Historically, the more divided the labor force is, the more growth a country experiences and the more developed they becomeHistorically, the more divided the labor force is, the more growth a country experiences and the more developed they become

The International Division of Labor and The Global Economy As a result of globalization, there has been a spatial division of labor (the int’l dol) which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies.As a result of globalization, there has been a spatial division of labor (the int’l dol) which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies. This led to a "global industrial shift” from producing in developed countries to developing countries in Asia and Latin America.This led to a "global industrial shift” from producing in developed countries to developing countries in Asia and Latin America.

New International Division of Labor

More of …Int’l DOL and The Global Economy Business does not only take place in brick and mortar shops, nor does it have to take place inside one’s own country Companies can operate from nearly anywhere on the internet (e- commerce) Many companies manufacture their goods in other countries for cheaper prices

More of … The Int’l DOL and The Global Economy Transnational corporationsTransnational corporations have been very aggressive in using low-cost labor in LDCs. –Corps. seek elimination of trade barriers –No minimum standards in place NAFTA –Huge loss of U.S. jobs after NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement – made it easier to trade between US, Mexico and Canada

Criticisms of the Global Economy

The Global Economy maquiladoraMany American companies set up factories in Mexican maquiladora cities Maquiladoras are an example of an export- processing zone, a place that’s –Accessible for easy distribution of goods –Has lax environmental restriction –Tax exemptions

Core-Periphery Model A global economy has divided the world’s countries into 3 sections… MDC’sCore – MDC’s with high per capita ( literally per head or per person) income and living standards –most central to the global economy –great power and influence –Ex: Core

Semi-Periphery Core-Periphery Model A global economy has divided the world’s countries into 3 sections… Semi-periphery – newly industrialized countries who exist between the core and periphery; median income and standard of living –increasing power and influence in global economy –Ex: Core

Do Now: Even MORE Big AP Concepts Malthusian Theory Malthusian Theory is a BIG idea on the AP exam and it relates to food production and population growth. Read the handout on Malthus’ theory of population and answer the questions below: 1.What did Malthus predict would happen? Explain using details! 2.Did his prediction come true, why or why not?

Mock AP Exam #2 Today you will begin the second Mock AP exam of the year. FYI:

Core-Periphery Model A global economy has divided the world’s countries into 3 sections… LDC’sPeriphery – LDC’s with low productivity, low per capita income and living standards –least power and influence –most opportunities for development –Ex: Semi- Periphery Core Periphery

Resources and Technology Resources affect patterns of development: cultivable land, energy sources, minerals. But changes in technology affect the value of these resources. Also, trade or lack of it can offset lack of resources (Japan) or make them less relevant (Brazil). Technology Systems: roughly every 50 years since 1790 a new complex of technologies has revolutionized the world economic system and its structure. The most recent of these is the system which includes biotechnology, advanced materials (superconductors, solar power) and information technology. Which parts of the world benefited from the shift from coal to oil? Which suffered? Which parts of the world will benefit from the inevitable end of our reliance on petroleum and the necessary shift to wind, hydro, tide, or solar power ?

Tertiary and Beyond: Services Less-developed countries often focus on tourism. Club Med, The Bahamas Vendors, Bali

Trading Blocks International agreements that eliminate barriers to trade within regions: –North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) –European Union (EU) –Oil Producing and Exporting Countries (OPEC) Trading Organizations §International agreements that eliminate barriers to trade among members: l World Trade Organization (WTO)

Principals of Location Industrial Location: Site and Situation Factors –Raw Materials –Energy –Labor –Market –Transport In order to succeed industries must have some comparative advantage in one or more of these factors. Moreover, demand must exist for the product.

Industrial Location: Transport Characteristics (Bulk-Reducing)

Secondary Activities: Manufacturing Industrial Location: Site and Situation Factors –Transport Characteristics (Bulk-Gaining)

Service Location Theory Market Areas - circular or hexagonal area from which customers are drawn. Range - maximum distance people will go for a service Threshold - minimum # of consumers needed to support the service. Convenience Store Locations

Service Location Theory Market Areas - circular or hexagonal area from which customers are drawn. Range - maximum distance people will go for a service Threshold - minimum # of consumers needed to support the service. Grocery Store Locations

Industrial Location: Site and Situation Factors –Labor Supply versus Access to Markets Woven Cotton Production East Asian Manufacturing Centers Why are so many wovens produced in the less developed world? The industrial centers of Japan, for example, depend on imported raw materials and access to markets via the Pacific.