Peripheral Nervous System Chapter 14 – Lecture Notes to accompany Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life textbook by Gail Jenkins, Christopher Kemnitz, Gerard Tortora
Chapter Overview 14.1 PNS Connective Tissues 14.2 Cranial Nerves 14.3 Spinal Nerve Branches 14.4 Reflexes 14.5 SNS and ANS 14.6 Anatomy of the ANS 14.7 ANS Signal Transmission 14.8 Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of ANS 14.9 ANS Reflex Arcs
Essential Terms Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) all parts of nervous system that are not brain and spinal cord Ganglia collections of neuronal cell bodies Somatic nervous system (SNS) associated with voluntary or conscious activities and body sensations Autonomic nervous system operates without conscious control Nerve hundreds to thousands of PNS axons plus associated connective tissue & blood vessels bundled into functional organ
Introduction Peripheral nervous system divided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system Somatic nervous system is divided into sensory and motor portions Autonomic nervous system has sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous divisions and innervates enteric plexuses both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions have motor and sensory components
Nerves cranial nerves spinal nerves emerge from brain 12 pair emerge from spinal cord 31 pair
Concept 14.1 PNS Connective Tissue
PNS Connective Tissue Layers endoneurium wraps individual axons perineurium wraps axons bundled into fascicles epineurium wraps entire nerve fuses with dura mater of CNS blood vessels within perineurium and epineruium
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Concept 14.2 Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerves 12 pair numbered from anterior to posterior emergence from brain sensory nerves I and II mixed nerves III to XII both sensory and motor neurons
Figure 14.2
Cranial Nerves Facial Vestibulocochlear Olfactory Gossopharyngeal Vagus Assessory Hypoglossal Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Tigeminal Abducens
Cranial Nerves Sensory neurons Motor neurons cell bodies located in ganglia outside brain Motor neurons cell bodies in nuclei within brain Cranial Nerves III, IV, XI, and XII primarily motor Cranial nerve V largest of cranial nerves Cranial nerve III, VII, IX, X both somatic and autonomic motor axons Cranial nerve VIII primarily sensory
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Concept 14.3 Spinal Nerve Branches
Spinal Nerves 8 pair of cervical nerves 12 pair of thoracic nerves numbered from superior to inferior associated with vertebral regions 8 pair of cervical nerves 12 pair of thoracic nerves 5 pair of lumbar nerves 5 pair of sacral nerves 1 pair of coccygeal nerves
Figure 14.13
Spinal Nerve Branches posterior ramus anterior ramus meningeal branch deep muscles and skin of dorsal trunk anterior ramus limbs and skin of lateral and ventral trunk meningeal branch supplies vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, blood vessels of spinal cord and meninges rami communicans autonomic nervous system
Figure 14.14
Spinal Nerve Plexuses cervical plexus brachial plexus lumbar plexus Figure 14.15 brachial plexus Figure 14.16 lumbar plexus Figure 14.17 sacral plexus Figure 14.18 intercostal nerves spinal nerves T2-T12
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Figure 14.17a