Infant Development Normal Development from birth to year 1

Weight Lose some after birth 1-2 lbs/month 1st 6 months 1 pound/month in 2nd 6 months – Birth weight: Doubled by 6 month Tripled by 1 yr lbs: average weight of 1 yr old – Heredity, feeding habits, and physical activity

Gross Motor: Coordinated movements with all of body parts – Involve large muscles of body to walk, kick, sit upright, throw etc. Fine Motor: Involve small muscles of body to enable writing, grasping, fastening clothing, eating etc.

Newborn to Month 1 MonthGross motorFine MotorSpeech/Language Newborn – 1 monthReflexesHands open and close Brings hands to mouth Visual preference inches away Enjoys being in prone Roots when hungry Responds to noises with startle

SIGHT Blurry at first Within 1 week can focus 7-10 inches 1 month focuses objects 3 feet away By 3.5 months vision almost as good as adult Prefer patterns with high contrast – Alternating Stripes – Bull’s eyes – Prefer colour red

TASTE AND SMELL Within 10 days can tell mom’s smell Distinguishes taste by 2 weeks Learn about world using mouth

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2 months MonthGross MotorFine MotorSpeech/Language 2Can lift head to 45 degrees when placed on tummy Social Smile Orients heads towards sounds By 2 nd month, recognizes object is 3 dimensional (not flat)

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3 Months Gross MotorFine MotorSpeech/Language 3May hold light toy when placed in hand Batting at toys overhead Hand to mouth constantly Varied facial expression Sounds associated with movement of body Quiets or smiles in response to sound or voice Coos

4 Months 4May roll when in hands to knees position Likes to stand with hands held Hands open often Hand to hand play Grab objects with direct movement of arms Dissociates eye movement from head movement Variation of vowel sounds Constant sound production Babbles Recognizes and responds to own name

3-4 months Babies begin reaching Hand-eye coordination Essential for: – Eating – Catching a ball – Colouring – Tying shoes What toys and/or activities would be good for infants to develop hand-eye coordination?

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5 Months 5Hands to feet when on back Rolls from back to front (belly) Pull to sit Prop sitting Banging toys Reaching in all directions Transfers objects from hands to mouth Reaching with both arms Babbling 3-4 syllables at a time

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6 Months 6Brings feet to mouth Sitting without upper body support Bounce when standing Transfer of objects hand to hand Explores objects in mouth Banging, shaking, mouthing Spoon feeding May begin cup drinking Vocalizes for social contact “Dada”

6 Months Introduction of sippy cup Don’t put juice in a bottle Solids beginning to b introduced – Cereal first – Vegetables THEN fruits 8-10 months babies start using spoons Want: Food easy to digest, sufficient calorie and nutrients

7 Months 7Doesn’t like laying on back Can achieve belly off ground positions Rocking on hands and knees Pivots on tummy Pulls self to stand with caregiver’s hands Can use thumb and finger for pincer Begins finger feeding Uses both hands for tasks equally Appropriate gestures for simple commands (bye- bye, no) Laughs No used to express dislike

8 Months 8May pull to kneel at a surface Pulls to stand using arms more than legs Visually interested in detail Bangs toys together Begins separating sound production from body movement Explores spatial concepts (in/out, on/off, up/down) Imitation skills increase both in gestures and familiar sounds

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9 Months 9Creeps on hands and knees for long distances as primary means of locomotion Climbs up stairs on hands and knees Holds and drinks from bottle when in sitting Controlled bite for firm solids Begins to eat mashed table food

10 months 10Begins cruising along furniture Works on different grasps Manipulation of toys Uses objects to reach goals Desire for independence observed in motor and feeding

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11 Months 11Stands momentarily independently Squats to receive a toy and returns to standing Full overhead reach Combines vision, reach and grasp well Holds toy with one hand and manipulates with other

12 Months 12Stands from floor independently Walks with hands held May take some steps independently Enjoys climbing Points to desired objects with index finger May have consistent 2-3 words Uses jargon Begins goal directed play

Gentle Handling of an Infant Never shake a baby Shaken Baby Syndrome – severely shaking baby to make them stop crying – Damages the brain – Learning problems – Mental retardation – Blindness – Deafness – Death

Sources al-Development-in-the-First-Year-power-point al-Development-in-the-First-Year-power-point