Colonization Chapter 4 8-1.3 Summarize the history of English settlement in New England, the mid- Atlantic region, and the South, with an emphasis on South Carolina as an example of a distinctly southern colony.

Chapter 4 Settlement Timeline 1566 Spain attempts Ft San Felipe on the remains of Charles Fort’s 1576 Spain attempts Ft San Marcos on the remains Ft San Felipe’s 1607 Jamestown, VA is the First permanent English settlement in America 1619 Africans first arrive in America 1663 Carolina colony given to Lord Proprietors 1576 Spain attempts Ft San Marcos on Ft San Felipe’s remains 1619 Africans first arrive in America 1566 Spain attempts Ft San Felipe on Charles Fort’s remains 1663 Carolina colony given to Lord Proprietors 1607 Jamestown, VA 1st permanent settlement in Amercia

The 13 colonies Groups of people were quickly coming to America. Chapter 4 The 13 colonies Groups of people were quickly coming to America. Their reasons for coming varied fortune hunters to escape religious persecution Colonial America developed into 3 distinct regions: New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies

Chapter 4 Settlement of America Jamestown - 1st English colony in America (1607) ~ Virginia Company received a charter from King James I to establish settlements in America Charter – Official permission to operate something, such as a colony The settlers endured several years of starvation and the deaths of many until tobacco made the settlement sustainable ** Tobacco – 1st Cash Crop & backbone of VA economy Plantations – large farms - tobacco growth needed large plots of land Indentured Slaves(Servants) – People who agreed to work for a landowner (Plantations) for a number of years in exchange for passage to America

Jamestown More people = More land The London Company initiated the headright system that provided land to anyone who paid their own passage or the passage of others to the settlement. The Headright Method Settlers got land based on the number of people in the family, or household Slaves and indentured servants were included in the count More people = More land

The Headright Method The headright system promoted The establishment of large tobacco plantations Conflict over land with the natives as the settlers took more land for tobacco production By the end of the 1600s however, they had turned to a more reliable source of labor – African slaves.

The House of Burgesses The London Company also established the House of Burgesses [1619] so that settlers would have a voice in the governance of the colony. Although not completely democratic, this assembly was in keeping with English political tradition since the Magna Carta. Jamestown grew into the colony of Virginia and established the pattern for the southern colonies.

New England Colonies Chapter 4 Rhode Island Connecticut New Hampshire Massachusetts (which included modern day Maine) People who settled this region were motivated by the importance of family and freedom of religion. Most of the settlers here were used to doing things themselves and not depending on others.

Chapter 4 New England 1620 – A group of Pilgrims (Separatists) were given a charter by VA Company to settle in North America settled “Plymouth” in Massachusetts The New England colonies were founded as a haven for religious groups persecuted in England. Pilgrims/Separatists/Puritans – Separated from the Church of England to follow beliefs of John Calvin (Puritans) Mayflower Compact – Document signed by all passengers/colonists establishing the American ideal of “government by consent” the idea that the people form the government

New England Chapter 4 They struggled to survive as had the Jamestown settlers. With the help of a Native American, they learned to plant corn and sustained themselves but never prospered. Subsistence Crops – crops that provided just enough food to feed the farmer’s family A characteristic of most New England farms The Puritans invested in their own joint stock company and brought their charter with them to the New World

New England All male church members could vote. Their economy thrived – based on ship building & trade They established schools so that their children could learn to read the Bible Established religious conformity (Dissenters were exiled to other parts of the region) Population grew & spread because of the large Puritan families

Middle Colonies New York Chapter 4 Middle Colonies New York Pennsylvania (which literally means Penn’s Woods) Delaware New Jersey Settlers to the Middle Colonies included a great variety of Europeans Dutch who first settled New York The Swedes who first settled Delaware English Puritans & Quakers

Middle Colonies A group of religious dissenters Chapter 4 Middle Colonies A group of religious dissenters Believed that everyone had an inner light They promoted religious tolerance and good relations with the natives in their region The colony attracted many other groups of people

Chapter 4 Middle Colonies King Charles II granted William Penn land in payment of a debt Penn had the rights of a proprietor and could name the governor of the colony. Pennsylvania (PA) had a representative assembly as did the other colonies in the region. Founded for the purpose of profit The ‘breadbasket’ of the colonies

Southern Colonies People who settled here wanted to make money Chapter 4 Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia People who settled here wanted to make money The warm weather and good soil created a long growing seasons = Economy based on Agriculture Plantations quickly developed The plantation system was very popular in the Southern Colonies.

Southern Colonies The main crops grown on plantations: Chapter 4 The main crops grown on plantations: Tobacco- mostly grown in North Carolina and Virginia Carolina Gold rice: which was South Carolina’s 1st cash crop Indigo- a plant that gives us the blue dye for blue jeans. Tobacco plant and drying barn Indigo plant & dye Carolina Gold

3 Types of English Colonies Governing Colonies Chapter 4 3 Types of English Colonies Royal Colony – Under the direction of the king (royalty) King appoints governor & council Most colonies in America became Royal Colonies in the end Proprietary Colony – An individual or group given ownership of land from the king Usually acted as the governor ~ appointed council & approved laws Charged settlers rent – Paid the king rent Self-governing Colony – No charter from king King did Not appoint governor or council Rhode Island