CARDIO According to the map on page 16 of your textbook, find 20˚ S, 140˚ E on the global grid. What continent is found at that location?

Unit 1: Geography Tools and Concepts Section 1: Understanding the Earth The sun provides the heat, light, and energy needed for life on the Earth. It affects our environment, or surroundings. The Earth moves in an Orbit (oval-shaped path), around the sun. It takes one year for the Earth to complete one revolution (journey, around the sun). The Earth also turns around on its axis: (an imaginary line between the North and South poles). Each turn, called a rotation: (takes 24 hours). The Earth tilts on its axis. At different points in the Earth’s orbit, different places face toward or away from the sun. This causes temperature changes and the seasons.

Latitude: Imaginary east-west lines called circle the globe. The Equator (is a line of latitude halfway between the poles). The Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn are lines of latitude north and south of the Equator. low latitudes : are the areas between The Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, which has the warmest climate. They divide the Earth into regions according to how much sunlight they receive.

the Arctic Circle, in the north, The Antarctic Circle, in the south. The areas between the artic and the Antarctic and the poles are called the high latitudes. It is always very cold there. The areas between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle and between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle are called the middle latitudes. They have a temperate climate.

Lines of longitude, also called meridians, run north-south. The Prime Meridian, which runs through Greenwich, England, is at 0 degrees longitude. We can pinpoint these cities’ locations by saying that Chicago is at 42 degrees north, 88 degrees west, and Sydney is at 34 degrees south, 151 degrees east. (We always say the latitude first!)

Classwork What are the Earth’s two kinds of motion? What are the five major lines of latitude?

Home Work As the earth moves around the sun, summer changes to fall and changes to winter. But the warmest and coldest weathers does not start as soon as summer and winter begin. Why?