NATIONALISM: Nation-Builder & Empire-Destroyer, Ch. 8, Sections 1 & 3 What is nationalism & what do nationalists want? - Spanish Empire - Austrian Empire - Ottoman Empire - Latin America - Italy - Germany How did nationalism help to CREATE modern countries? How did nationalism help to THREATEN/DESTROY empires? ethnicity versus nationality

What is your ethnicity? What is your nationality? ethnicity - characteristic of a group of people who share a common heritage, region, history, language, & customs (ethnic biology that you inherit from your ancestors) ethnicity - characteristic of a group of people who share a common heritage, region, history, language, & customs (ethnic biology that you inherit from your ancestors) nationality - condition of belonging to a country (ie. country on your passport) nationality - condition of belonging to a country (ie. country on your passport)

In most countries, most of the people have the same nationality & ethnicity  France, India, Egypt, … In most countries, most of the people have the same nationality & ethnicity  France, India, Egypt, … Countries that are populated largely by immigrants (& their descendants) are an exception to the rule  USA, Canada, Australia, Israel … Countries that are populated largely by immigrants (& their descendants) are an exception to the rule  USA, Canada, Australia, Israel …

What is the difference between an empire & a country? empire - area controlled by one ruler regardless of ethnicity (often many different ethnic groups are within an empire)  gained through military victory or royal marriages empire - area controlled by one ruler regardless of ethnicity (often many different ethnic groups are within an empire)  gained through military victory or royal marriages VERSUS (different from) country, nation, or nation-state country, nation, or nation-state

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In today’s world are there more empires or countries? Why?

Nationalism belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire, but to a nation of people who share a common culture & history (especially if ruler does not share same ethnicity as people) belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire, but to a nation of people who share a common culture & history (especially if ruler does not share same ethnicity as people) influenced by the unity of the French people during the French Revolution  became a powerful idea/“force” in the 1800s (& still is today … hence, so many countries!) influenced by the unity of the French people during the French Revolution  became a powerful idea/“force” in the 1800s (& still is today … hence, so many countries!) devotion & pride to your country; patriotism to the extreme (patriotism on steroids!) devotion & pride to your country; patriotism to the extreme (patriotism on steroids!)

Who are nationalists? Nationalists are individuals who believe that people of a single ancestry should unite & govern themselves!  We (people with common ethnicity) want to rule ourselves! Nationalists are often revolutionary leaders who help their countries gain independence from foreign rule or influence  Simon Bolivar, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Fidel Castro

Rising nationalism was weakening multi-ethnic empires in late 1800s

Spanish Empire – made up of Spaniards, Mexicans, Cubans, Filipinos, & many, many others in New World Spanish Empire – made up of Spaniards, Mexicans, Cubans, Filipinos, & many, many others in New World Austrian Empire – made up of Austrians, Hungarians, Slovenes, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Serbs, Poles, & Italians Austrian Empire – made up of Austrians, Hungarians, Slovenes, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Serbs, Poles, & Italians Russian Empire – made up of Russians, Ukrainians, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, Turks, etc… Russian Empire – made up of Russians, Ukrainians, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, Turks, etc… Ottoman Empire – made up of Turks, Greeks, Slavs, Bulgarians, Armenians, & many Arab groups Ottoman Empire – made up of Turks, Greeks, Slavs, Bulgarians, Armenians, & many Arab groups What if these groups no longer want to be ruled by a foreign power??? Bye, bye empires!!! What if these groups no longer want to be ruled by a foreign power??? Bye, bye empires!!!

Latin America Western hemisphere south of the USA Western hemisphere south of the USA Called “Latin” because most people speak Romance languages (those based on Latin) Called “Latin” because most people speak Romance languages (those based on Latin) Hispanics/Latinos & Latinas: people from Latin America (or with ancestors from there) Hispanics/Latinos & Latinas: people from Latin America (or with ancestors from there)

Hispanics/Latinos & Latinas are … USA’s largest minority group 16% of US population (2010 Census)

Hispanics/Latinos are largest % of legal & illegal immigration to US