AP World History Period Five: Industrialization and Global Integration c c c c. 1900

Historical Periodization Why 1750 – 1900? – What global processes, world historical events, and major turning points were going around those dates? 1750 – – Mainly agricultural based societies – People beginning to question political and religious authority(Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment) 1900 – – The “West” has industrialized – Europe, Japan, and US control huge portions of the world

Period Five Key Concepts 5.1 – Industrialization and Global Capitalism 5.1 – Industrialization and Global Capitalism – New ways of producing goods and the economic reaction to it 5.2 – Imperialism and Nation-State Formation 5.2 – Imperialism and Nation-State Formation – European global domination and unification of states 5.3 – Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform 5.3 – Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform – Challenges and overthrow of traditional political systems 5.4 – Global Migration – Mass movement of people followed industrialization and global empires

Revolution and Nationalism

A Period of Revolution The late 18 th century marks the beginning of an intense period of revolution against existing governments – American Revolution – French Revolution – Haitian Revolution – Latin American Revolutions The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment thought that questioned the established traditions in all areas of life preceded and influenced these revolutions

Enlightenment Thinkers John Locke – Social Contract – Individual rights – life, liberty, property – Government role to protect these rights Voltaire – Freedom of speech/press and religion

Popular Sovereignty Collectively, enlightenment thought provoked the idea of popular sovereignty – Notion that the legitimate political control rests with the people who make up a society, not kings

American Revolution Laws passed by the English government to limit expansion as well as pass taxes on the American colonies American colonies looking for more independence On July 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence is issued War goes on until 1781 In 1789, the U.S. sets up a new constitutional structure with checks and balances between the different branches of government as well as limited voting rights (to wealthy white males)

French Revolution France was in economic turmoil in 1780’s Society divided into ancien regime (Three Estates) King Louis XVI forced to call estates general in 1789 – 3 rd estate delegates only have one vote – Tennis Court Oath July 1789

French Revolution 3 rd Estate declare themselves the National Assembly Write The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen Based on ideas of Declaration of Independence and other Enlightenment ideas

French Revolution were the radical phase of revolution known as Reign of Terror – Led by Robespierre and the Jacobins

French Revolution Final phase of revolution occurred under Napoleon from 1799 to 1815 during which expansion of the French empire occurred Parliament reduced in power, but religious freedom, equality for men, education, were promoted Olympia de Gouges Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen

Haitian Revolution Led by former slave Toussaint Louverture Had support of large communities of maroons – Escaped slaves hiding out in mountains Napoleon sends forces to put it down, but they are unable to Achieves independence in 1804

Latin American Revolutions Political and Social Inequality – Peninsulares – Creoles – Mestizos – Mulattoes – Native Amer./Africans/Zambos CAUSES Enlightenment Ideas Napoleon’s Actions Success of Other Revolutions

Leaders of Latin American Independence Movements Simon BolivarFather Miguel Hidalgo Jose San Martin Augustin de Iturbide Dom Pedro

Nationalism Beginning in the 18 th century, people around the world began developing a sense of commonality based on language, religion, social customs, and territory These newly imagined national communities linked this identity with the borders of the state Some governments used this idea to unite diverse populations – Italy and Germany