Matter Physical and Chemical changes

What is matter, mass and weight? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on an object.

How are mass and weight related? Mass and weight are related because they both involve matter. They are measured differently; mass is measured with a balance and weight is measured with a scale. Mass is looking more at what is on the inside and weight is looking more at the pull of gravity. The density of an object affects both terms.

How can we describe matter? Matter can be described by: physical features mass of the object reaction to heat/cold reaction to mixing different matter and senses. These fit into two different categories: qualitative and quantitative.

Other Ways to Describe Matter (Physical Properties) color size (mass, volume) hardness texture smell freezing/boiling point density

How can matter be changed? Matter can have a physical change and/or a chemical change. Physical change can happen when it changes states of matter, appearance or shape. Chemical change can happen when the matter cannot go back to its original form.

Changing Shapes Large Volume/Small Mass: airempty box Large Volume/Large Mass: truckplay set Small Volume/Large Mass: brick metal Small Volume/Small Mass: cotton ballfeather

Physical Change Examples of Physical Change: glass breaking metal melting water freezing crushing a can water evaporating Ways Physical Change Occurs: changing states of matter, objects being broken or torn

How can we describe the changes that take place in matter? They can be described as a physical or chemical change. We can use quantitative or qualitative data to describe changes as well.

What is a quantitative measure? Overview: Deals with numbers. Data which can be measured. Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost, members, ages, etc. Quantitative → Quantity

Why is it important to note qualitative and quantitative changes? Qualitative allows you to record visual data gathered and change that occurred throughout an experiment. It can be different based on differing views. Quantitative data is solid and reproducible when repeating experiments.

Examples of Quantitative data Oil Painting Quantitative data: picture is 10" by 14" with frame 14" by 18" weighs 8.5 pounds surface area of painting is 140 sq. in. cost $300 Latte Quantitative data: 12 ounces of latte serving temperature 150º F. serving cup 7 inches in height cost $4.95

What is qualitative data? Overview: Deals with descriptions. Data can be observed but not measured. Colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance, beauty, etc. Qualitative → Quality

Examples of Qualitative data Oil Painting Qualitative data: blue/green color, gold frame smells old and musty texture shows brush strokes of oil paint peaceful scene of the country masterful brush strokes Latte Qualitative data: robust aroma frothy appearance strong taste burgundy cup

Changing Weight How does weight change when an object is placed together and broken apart? Weight does not change when placed together or broken apart; it has the same amount of matter.

Reasons why materials weight changes and why some do not. What are some reasons why materials change weight and some materials have a constant weight? When you add or take away matter, it changes. If matter is enclosed in something, then the matter cannot escape and mass remains the same. Evaporation, condensation, cooking all change weight and mass.

Examples of Constant Mass cutting paper and placing it in a pile folded versus unfolded clothes air inside of a balloon expands because of heat, water freezing (mass doesn’t change but density/volume does)

Examples of Changing Mass wearing a book bag versus not wearing a book bag adding sugar to lemonade adding salt to food wet towel drying in the sun

States of Matter Why would we need to classify matter? Not all matter is the same. Different types of matter must be treated differently. Also we would like to know what things are made of and would happen if we mix different items.

Gas State Properties: fills entire container, particles move freely and quickly, lots of space between particles Examples: vapor, helium, oxygen, air, steam

Liquid State Properties: takes the shape of the container, little space between particles, particles slide past each other Examples: water, juice, milk, orange juice

Solid State Properties: Does not change shape easily Has little space between particles Particles don't move past each other Examples: Ice Walls Desk shoes

Physical and Chemical Change Physical change does not produce a new substance It can change the state of matter or shape. Chemical change does produce a new substance that cannot go back to its original state. It creates a substance that wasn’t there before.

Why is it important to note qualitative and quantitative changes? Qualitative allows you to record visual data gathered and change that occurred throughout an experiment. It can be different based on differing views. Quantitative data is solid and reproducible when repeating experiments.

Chemical Change Examples of Chemical Change: wood burning egg cooking nail rusting mixing chemicals (baking soda and vinegar) Ways Chemical Change Occurs: Heating matter to where it cannot return to its original state of matter. Ways to know a chemical change occurred is to look for a reaction: light, heat, color change, odor and sound.

Changing Matter Heating Matter How does heating affect the material’s purpose and/or application? Heating can cause water to evaporate, ice to melt, and expansion joints on bridges increase in length. Hot water can open a jar. What might happen if the material is heated? Material that is heated expands and gets larger (increase volume); it does not gain mass/weight. Cooling Matter How does cooling affect the material’s purpose and/or application? Cooling can cause water to freeze, vapor to condensate. A rock can crack with water freezing in it. What might happen if the material is cooled? Material that is cooled contracts and gets smaller (decrease volume); it does not lose mass/weight.

Why would increasing heat or cold affect certain materials more than others? Increasing heat or cold affects materials differently based on their original state of matter. Heating a solid would turn into a liquid than a gas. Gases are typically more affected by heating and cooling.

Why would people want to heat and cool matter on purpose? We heat food, homes, drinks for warmth, and jar tops to help open tight jars. We cool drinks, store food in the refrigerator to keep it from spoiling, and use air conditioning for comfort.

When would heating and cooling items occur within the environment? In the water cycle, the sun’s energy can cause condensation (loss of heat energy) and evaporation (gain of heat energy). Rocks crack, bridges ice over, and expansion joints move.

Vocabulary 1 boiling: having reached boiling point, steaming or bubbling up under heat change in state: when a substance changes from one state of matter to another chemical change: when a substance changes to form a new substance conservation: to conserve or keep from change, to protect and preserve cooling: the process in which heat is removed from liquids or solids

Vocabulary 2 cooling: the process in which heat is removed from liquids or solids density: a measure of how tightly packed the matter in an object is dissolve: to make into a solution by mixing with a liquid element: a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substances

Vocabulary 3 gas: the state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume heating: the transferring of thermal energy from one substance to another liquid: the state of mater that has a definite volume but no definite shape, it conforms to the container mass: the amount of matter in an object

Vocabulary 4 matter: anything that has mass and takes up space melt: to change into the liquid state by heating mixture: the mixing of different substances to make a new substance particle: one of the smallest elements of matter physical change: when a substance changes, but keeps the same identity

Vocabulary 5 physical property: the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance qualitative: something that can be measured by your senses; color, shape, smell, texture quantitative: something that can be measured by numbers: height, mass, etc.

Vocabulary 6 solid: the state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume volume: the amount of space that an object takes up weight: a measurement of the pull of gravity on an object