CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS AND PROTEINS CHEMISTRY S.W.B.A.T.: Determine what a carbohydrate, protein and Lipid are and how they affect the body

The link between inorganic and organic compounds are plants. Why?

Organic Compounds: Compounds which are formed by the processes of living organisms They are macromolecules essential for life: carbohydrates, lipids (fats, oils & waxes), proteins and nucleic acids

Carbhodyrates Furnish the body with its main source of energy glucose (blood sugar) A.In our diets we get three types: 1.Refined or processed sugars (sucrose) Examples: candy, soda, tastycakes 2.Naturally occurring sugars Examples: fruits, veggies, milk products 3.Complex carbohydrates Example: Pasta, bread, cereal

We want to decrease #1 and increase #2 and #3 Why? a.Complex carbs, can help reduce weight b.Satisfy the appetite longer-digested slower c.Complex carbs. Are good sources of vitamins and minerals d.Complex carbs. Are good source of energy

Processed vs. Unprocessed Processed Canned fruit & veggies Potato chips White bread Instant rice Cold cereal Unprocessed Fresh fruit and veggies Baked potato Whole wheat bread Brown rice Hot cereal

Chemistry of Carbohydrates Monosaccharides – simple sugars (building blocks of other carbs.) C6H12O6 a.Glucose b.Fructose c.Galactose

Disaccharide – two monosacs joined together by dehydration synthesis C12H22O11 Dehydration synthesis – the removal of water a.Maltose=glucose +glucose b.Sucrose= glucose + fructose (table sugar) c.Lactose= glucose + galactose (milk sugar)

Polysaccharides – many monosacs joined together by dehydration synthesis a.Starch – plant b.Glycogen – animal starch c.Cellulose – plant fiber in cell walls When we consume complex carbs., we break them down by adding water - Hydrolysis

Lipids (stored energy) Found in fats, oils and waxes Needed for: stored energy Insulator Protects organs Stores some vitamins (fat soluble) Building Blocks – glycerol + 3 fatty acids

A.Saturated fats – found in red meat, bacon - Solid at room temperature B.Unsaturated fats – found in chicken, fish - Liquid at room temperature - Lower our cholesterol

Only need 1 tablespoon of polyunsaturated oil/day 1. Use more fish, turkey, chicken 2.Limit hamburger, beef, pork – What could you do before cooking? Cut the fat out. 3.Try to cut out lunchmeats, hotdogs, sausages 4.Use skim milk 5.Bake, broil, BBQ avoid frying 6.Eggs – should only have 3 yolks/week

Proteins Proteins are the body’s building materials Our cells are primarily made of protein (skin, organs, hair, muscle, nails, etc.) Essential for growth and repair Found in: steak, chicken, fish, eggs, beans and tofu Building Blocks: amino acids

Enzymes: Are proteins which act as a catalyst Catalyst- start or speed up a chemical reaction 1.Enzymes are specific in their actions Example: saliva acts on starch Idea: cheeseburger-bun dissolves in mouth 2. Enzymes are not used up in the reaction

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