1 Organic Compounds

2 CompoundsCARBON HYDROGENorganic moleculesCompounds that contain CARBON and HYDROGEN are called organic molecules. Hydrocarbonsorganic moleculesonly HYDROGENCARBONHydrocarbons are organic molecules that contain only HYDROGEN and CARBON. copyright cmassengale

3 Carbon (C) Carbon4 electronsCarbon has 4 electrons in the outer shell. Carboncovalent bonds 4Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4 other atoms (elements). C, H, O or NUsually with C, H, O or N. Example:CH 4 (methane)Example:CH 4 (methane) copyright cmassengale

4 Polymers MONOMERSLarge molecule made up of smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS. Examples:Examples: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) copyright cmassengale

5 Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons Organic molecule HYDROGENCARBON Hydrocarbons are a type of Organic molecule that contain only HYDROGEN and CARBON. copyright cmassengale

Uses of Hydrocarbons plastic synthetic fibers.Many are composed of a very long polymer chain so they can be used to make plastic and synthetic fibers. combustibleMany are combustible so they are used for fuel. –Examples: GasolineGasoline Jet FuelJet Fuel Diesel OilDiesel Oil

7 Carbohydrates copyright cmassengale

8 Carbohydrates Small sugar moleculeslarge sugar moleculesSmall sugar molecules to large sugar molecules. Examples:Examples: A.monosaccharide B.disaccharide C.polysaccharide copyright cmassengale

9 Carbohydrates Monosaccharide: one sugar unit Examples:glucose ( Examples:glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )fructosegalactose glucose copyright cmassengale

10 Carbohydrates Disaccharide: two sugar unit Examples: –Sucrose (glucose+fructose) –Lactose (glucose+galactose) –Maltose (glucose+glucose) glucoseglucose copyright cmassengale

11 Carbohydrates Polysaccharide: many sugar units or polymers of sugar. Examples:starch (bread, potatoes) glycogen (beef muscle) cellulose (lettuce, corn) glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose cellulose copyright cmassengale

12 Lipids copyright cmassengale

13 Lipids not soluble in waterGeneral term for compounds which are not soluble in water. are soluble in other lipidsLipids are soluble in other lipids Remember:“stores the most energy ”Remember: “stores the most energy ” Examples: Fats, Oils, Waxes, CholesterolExamples: Fats, Oils, Waxes, Cholesterol Functions: Long term energy storage, Functions: Long term energy storage, hormones, cell membranes hormones, cell membranes copyright cmassengale

14 Proteins copyright cmassengale

15 Proteins Amino acids (20 different kinds) Functions of proteins:Functions of proteins: 1.Movement:muscles 2.Structural:membranes, hair, nails 3.Cellular reactions : Enzymes copyright cmassengale

16 Nucleic Acids copyright cmassengale

17 Nucleic acids Two types:Two types: a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Nucleic acids nucleotidesNucleic acids are composed of long chains of monomers called nucleotides copyright cmassengale