The Plan for the week Monday- those who missed the test Friday will write their test today. We will also begin the next chapter of Proteins. Tuesday- food presentations, this presentation will be a randomly selected order. I will draw names and those who are drawn will present. Wednesday-Friday: Proteins

Chapter 7 Proteins

What are Proteins? 1. Is a nutrient that the body needs to grow and maintain itself. Next to water, protein is the most plentiful substance in our body. 2. Every single cell in the body has some protein. This includes hair, skin, eyes and organs. 3. Many substances that control body functions such as enzymes and hormones are made from protein. 4. Other functions of protein include the formation of blood cells and making antibodies to protect us from illness.

Amino Acids 1. Proteins are made from simpler substances called Amino Acids. 2. There are 22 amino acids in the protein that we eat every day. The body takes these amino acids and links them together in long strings. By combining these amino acids, the body can make different proteins for different bodily functions 3. NINE of the amino acids are called essential amino acids because bodies cannot make them. These amino acids must come from the foods we eat.

Foods that contain protein. 1.Both plants and animal foods contain protein. 2.Foods that provide all the essential amino acids are called complete proteins. Animal foods such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs and dairy products are all high quality proteins. 3.Foods that do not provide a good balance of all the essential amino acids are called incomplete proteins. 4.Plant products contain lower quality proteins. Most fruits and vegetables are poor sources of protein.

5. Other plants foods such as baked beans, split peas, lentils, peanuts, seeds are excellent sources of protein. 6. However each type of plant protein is low in one or more of the essential amino acids. This makes it a lower quality protein. Animal proteins contain a better balance of the essential amino acids than plant sources.

Okay that’s fine but what about vegetarians ? 1.Individuals who do not eat animal products should eat different types of plant foods together in order to get the proper balance and amount of essential amino acids their bodies need. 2.Combining beans and rice, or beans and corn or peanut butter and bread will provide all the essential amino acids. 3.These food combinations mix foods from different plant groups to complement the amino acids provided by each.

Vegetarians cont. 4. Combining foods from any two of the following plant groups will make a complete protein: Legumes(dry beans, peas, peanuts, lentils, soybeans). Grains, such as wheat, rye, rice, corn, oats and barley. Seeds and nuts such as sunflower and pumpkin seeds, pecans and walnuts.

Vegetarian continued Any of the following products eaten with any one of the plant groups listed above also will make a higher quality protein: Eggs Milk products Meat

Reasons for Vegetarianism 1.Religious reasons 2.Health Reasons 3. Socioeconomic Reasons 4. Environmental Reasons 5. Humanitarian Reasons

Other uses for proteins 1. Providing calories Each gram of protein provides 4 calories. 2. Repair and maintain body tissues If a person consumes more protein than they need; the body will use that protein for energy. 3. The body’s replacement fuel Fat is the body’s main fuel source, but if a diet lacks adequate fat then the body starts to use protein as the body’s fuel. This can lead to malnutrition and in some cases disease.

Protein Requirements Everyone needs protein. How much protein depends on body size and needs. Children need more protein per pound of body weight than adults because they are growing and building new muscle tissue at a faster rate. Pregnant Women need more protein to ensure the baby grows and once the baby is born to ensure adequate nourishment for the child. RDA(Recommended Dietary Allowance) of protein should be between 10-35% of your daily allowance of calories.

Is it possible to have too much protein in my diet? It is important to keep in mind that extra protein does not give special benefits. You cannot store extra protein as muscle tissue. Extra protein beyond the daily allowance will not make extra muscle, grow hair faster, or protect against diseases. Protein beyond what is needed is either broken down and used for energy or it is turned into fat and stored in fat cells. Too little protein will result in a gradual breakdown of body tissues and loss of muscle tone. The body will not be able to function properly under these conditions.

Problems associated with high protein diets. Excess proteins create extra work for the liver and kidneys. Stress on these organs can be a problem and may cause them to age prematurely. Liver and Kidney problems Diets that are high in protein may be low in calcium. This lack of calcium may lead to weakened bones, which will lead to other health problems Calcium Loss Many high protein diets are also high in fat: such as whole milk, beef, cheese and peanut butter. The body cannot store excess protein however it can store them as an energy source by converting them to fat. Excess Body Fat

Lets look at Protein supplements Do not increase muscle size or performance May promote kidney problems May be less digestible then protein rich foods. Cost more than protein rich foods.

Amino Acid Supplements May impair absorption of other amino acids, causing a deficiency May cause toxicity Perform no nutrient function in the body

Protein Deficiency Diseases