Energy! Make it Work For You

SBEAP Small Business Environmental Assistance Program A technical, administrative and regulatory support program on pollution issues for small business Circulation of regulatory and other information Work with trade Associations Training Workshops

SBEAP Small Business Environmental Assistance Program Permitting Assistance Explaining Clean Air Act Amendment Requirements Notifying affected industry of new regulations Help with technical & compliance problems

SBEAP Referrals Advocate for small business during regulatory process Small Business Environmental Assistance Program Referrals Advocate for small business during regulatory process Development of brochures, manuals, fact sheets, etc. Training

Save Electricity Save Money Save the Earth

Every Kilowatt-hour saved prevents Pollution Prevented Every Kilowatt-hour saved prevents 1.5 lbs. of carbon dioxide (one of the Greenhouse Gases) 5.8 Grams of sulfur dioxide (one of the leading causes of acid rain) 2.5 Grams of nitrogen oxides (one of the main components of smog)

To produce $100 worth of electricity Energy Production To produce $100 worth of electricity 1700 lbs. of coal are mined 2500 lbs. of carbon dioxide is produced (Greenhouse gas) 21.3 lbs. of sulfur dioxide is produced (acid rain) 9.2 lbs. of nitrogen oxides are produced (smog)

Ways You Can Save Money Through Energy Conservation Replacing older lights with more efficient lights Replacing incandescent lights with new compact fluorescent lights Replacing older appliances with Energy Star Labeled products.

Fluorescent Tube Lamps Most commonly used for large office type areas Not very effective for lighting high ceiling areas Very commonly used therefore reasonably cheap New tubes contain less mercury and meet EPA mercury standards

Compact Fluorescent lamps (CFL) Last longer and use less energy (about 1/4th) than incandescent bulbs Can be used in most all locations that incandescent bulbs can be used High-Bay compact fluorescent luminaires can be used for high ceiling areas Most not capable of dimming or starting at low temperatures CFL's can also allow more light to be produced out of fixtures that are limited in wattage due to the heat produced by incandescent bulbs. This is due to the less heat produced and the higher efficacy of CFL lamps.

Incandescent bulbs Only five percent of energy put into an incandescent bulb is converted to light. Operate on principle of resistance, the least efficient method

How do CFLs compare to incandescent bulbs CFLs use about 75% less energy than incandescent bulbs CFLs last ten or more times as long, reducing maintenance hassles CFLs don't produce as much heat which will lower cooling costs Can estimate what wattage CFL to use by dividing incandescent wattage by 4

Color Rendering Index (CRI) The CRI is a relative scale indicating how perceived colors match actual colors. 75-100 CRI is excellent color rendition 0-55 CRI is poor color rendition Most T8 lamps have a CRI of 75-85+ Cool white T-12 lamps have a CRI of 62 CFLs have a typical CRI of 82-86

Life Expectancy Measured in hours of expected operation Incandescent bulbs are rated at 750 to 2000 hours Fluorescent lamps last 6000 to 24000 hours, 10 times as long as incandescents Ballasts may last as long as 40,000 to 100,000 hours

Just what are the numbers? In Tennessee the average cost of electricity is about $0.063 per kWh Most businesses use indoor lighting 3650 hours a year.

L&C Tower upgrade They replaced the older F40T12 lights with F32T8 Phillips Alto lamps The old ballasts were replaced with Magnetek 4 lamp instant start electronic ballasts at 75% output Payback of about two years with savings estimated at over $40,000 per year and a 41% reduction in electrical usage Prevented over 450 tons of CO2

Energy Star Equipment Energy Star labeled equipment can reduce energy use due to special features like sleep mode and low power standby mode. There are around 7000 different product models in 31 areas that have been Energy Star labeled. Some estimates of saving from a washing machine with the Energy Star label for instance are around $100 a year and 7100 gallons of water. If all families in America used such estimates of savings are around $6.7 billion a year.

Typical Savings with Energy Star

Other energy saving practices Encourage machines to be turned off for the night or weekend if they are not needed Use double sided printing and copying Insulate water heaters, consider on-demand water heaters Clean refrigerator coils

Common Heating Systems Electric Electric Resistance COP = 1.0 Air Source Heat Pump COP ~ 2.5 Also air conditions GeoExchange Heat Pump COP ~ 3.5 5

Electric Resistance Heating Heaters and Electric Furnaces Hot wire heating elements Lowest initial cost Highest energy cost Cost can be exorbitant if on demand billing 6

Least maintenance of combustion systems Gas Furnace Least maintenance of combustion systems New 90 + AFUE condensing furnaces recover latent heat from water in flue gas Some do not require flue, can vent through pipe. More flexible installation 10

Air Source Heat Pumps Advantages Most widely used here Service readily available Newer units have SEER competitive with GeoExchange Highest efficiency to date is 18 SEER in a split system 17

Air Source Heat Pumps Advantages Some new high efficiency units available with new 410a HFC ozone safe refrigerant. Carrier/Bryant/Day and Night ( Puron) Rheem/Ruud ( Prozone ) Lower first cost than geoexchange 18

Air Source Heat Pumps Disadvantages Heating efficiency drops in cold weather when needed most Efficiency decreases as heat exchangers deteriorate More complex because of reversing for defrost cycle High maintenance and noise Use resistance heat during defrost Not good if on demand billing 19

Air Source Heat Pump Efficiency Loss 25

Air Source Heat Pumps Disadvantages Heating efficiency drops in cold weather when needed most Efficiency decreases as heat exchangers deteriorate More complex because of reversing for defrost cycle High maintenance and noise Use resistance heat during defrost Not good if on demand billing 19

GeoExchange Heat Pump Advantages Lowest total life cycle cost Least overall pollution ( EPA Study ) Lowest maintenance Small - No heat exchanger cleaning Large - No boiler or cooling tower maintenance Highest efficiency Least noise Expected longest life ( indoor installation) 20

GeoExchange Heat Pump Advantages Sizes from 1/2 to over 1000 tons Installation flexibility Many small units on one loop allows individual control at small cost premium -or- One large unit Retrofits may use some existing equipment 21

Lowest Cost /Least Polluting Units Geoexchange heat pump/water heater High efficiency gas furnace and high efficiency electric AC ( split system ) Gas water heater High efficiency electric heat pump 26

News You Can Use Decrease Solar Load Plant trees ! Whole house fan Adequate Attic Ventilation Adequate insulation Awnings over windows Light colored roofs Light colored blinds/shades/window film 25

News You Can Use Maintain Systems Clean and comb heat exchangers Pull disconnect Beware double feed Replace and tighten screws on cabinets Seal ducts in unconditioned spaces Timed thermostats

News You Can Use 25

News You Can Use Maintain Systems Clean and comb heat exchangers Pull disconnect Beware double feed Replace and tighten screws on cabinets Seal ducts in unconditioned spaces Timed thermostats

Check Equipment Ratings

Use the Energy Star web site http://www.energystar.gov

Resources for more information EPA's Energy Star Program on the web at www.energystar.gov Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation at www.tn.gov/environment TVA at http://www.energyright.com/ Better Bulbs Direct at www.betterbulbsdirect.com/index.html

More resources U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Resources Network at http://www.eren.doe.gov/ Lawrence Berkley Labs Home Energy Saver at http://hes.lbl.gov/ Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium at http://www.ghpc.org/ ASHRAE at http://www.ashrae.org/

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