Scientific Investigation

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Scientific Investigation Chapter 2 Scientific Investigation © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran 1

Scientific Research Recall….. Research: an organized, systematic, data-based, critical, objective, scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with the purpose of finding answers or solutions to it. Decisions based on results of well done scientific study tend to yield the desired results: © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran

Scientific Research 1-It follows a step by step process. 2- Scientific research focuses on: Solving problems-pursuing a method (logical, organized, rigorous). 3- Scientific research focuses on: identifying the problems, gathering data, analyzing them, and drawing valid conclusion. 4- Thus…Scientific research is not based on hunches, experiences and intuition. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran

Scientific Research Do organization always follow the rigorous step by step process? Many implemented plans fail because not enough research has preceded their formulation. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran

Hallmarks of Scientific Research: Hallmarks or main distinguishing characteristics of scientific research: Purposiveness Rigor Testability Replicability Precision and Confidence Objectivity Generalizability Parsimony © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran

Hallmarks of Scientific Research: Let’s apply an example into the 8 hallmarks: “ the manager is interested in investigating how employees’ commitments to the company(organization) can be increased.” Purposiveness: Rigor: © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran

Hallmarks of Scientific Research: -Testability: Replicability: Precision and Confidence : Objectivity: Generalizability: Parsimony: © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran

Hypothetico-Deductive Research The Seven-Step Process in the Hypothetico-Deductive Method Identify a broad problem area Define the problem statement ( based on theory) Theory formulation Develop hypotheses(the hypothesis that can be tested to determine if the statement would be supported) Data collection: Data analysis: Interpretation of data: © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran

Hypothetico-Deductive Research Example: The quality of education in Kuwait. Identify a broad problem area: Define the problem statement ( based on theory): Theory formulation: Develop hypotheses : Data collection: Data analysis: Interpretation of data: © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran

Hypothetico-Deductive Research Think of your topic………Then follow the Seven-Step Process in the Hypothetico-Deductive Method Identify a broad problem area: Define the problem statement ( based on theory): Theory formulation: Develop hypotheses : Data collection: Data analysis: Interpretation of data: © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran

Deduction and Induction Deductive reasoning: application of a general theory to a specific case. Hypothesis testing Inductive reasoning: a process where we observe specific phenomena and on this basis arrive at general conclusions. Counting white swans Both inductive and deductive processes are often used in research. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran

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