Wake-up Explain the difference between prophase and telophase. What is the end result of the cell cycle? If a cell has 140 chromosomes and it undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will be present in the new cell?
Protein Synthesis Christopherson
Write down 3 “things” that you know about DNA
What is a GENE? Instruction manual for our body Portion of DNA that “codes” (has directions) for a trait
What is a TRAIT? A trait is a genetically determined characteristic
The nitrogen bases spell out the instructions. Where is a Gene? Within DNA The nitrogen bases spell out the instructions.
RNA Ribonucleic Acid Make up of Nucleotides Contains Phosphorus
RNA Nucleotide A C B Uracil Phosphate Nitrogen Base Guanine Cytosine Ribose Adenine Uracil
Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides Types of RNA Messenger RNA Nickname: mRNA Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides
mRNA Function Copy a message from a gene on DNA DNA mRNA
Types of RNA Transfer RNA Nickname: tRNA Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides and a amino acid
Carries amino acids to mRNA tRNA Function Carries amino acids to mRNA Amino Acids mRNA
Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides mixed with the ribosome Types of RNA Ribosomal RNA Nickname: rRNA Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides mixed with the ribosome
Forms peptide bonds between the amino acids rRNA Function Forms peptide bonds between the amino acids rRNA Peptide Bond Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid
DNA versus RNA: # of Strands
DNA versus RNA: Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose
DNA versus RNA: Bonds with Adenine Thymine Adenine Uracil
Review: Proteins Proteins are made up of amino acids that are held together by peptide bonds
Brief summary of Protein synthesis (Video iTunes: 12:22-14:58) Make Proteins
Brief Summary of Transcription Make mRNA from a gene on DNA
Location of Transcription Nucleus
Process of Transcription DNA Backbone Nitrogen Bases T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A RNA Polymerase RNA Polymerase attaches to DNA and breaks Hydrogen bonds; splitting DNA Choose a gene that needs to be “read” or copied
Process of Transcription DNA RNA Polymerase T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A T C A mRNA RNA polymerase adds matching nucleotides to exposed DNA strand DNA is split apart; separated Nitrogen Bases DNA Backbone A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
Process of Transcription DNA RNA Polymerase T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A U C A mRNA mRNA leaves the nucleus RNA Polymerase leaves DNA recombines A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A U C A mRNA Nitrogen Bases DNA Backbone A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
Transcription Animation Transcription Video #1 Translation Video: iTunes (16:37)
Transcribe the following DNA TAC GGC AAA TAG GAT TTT CCA TTA AGT AUG CCG UUU AUC CUA AAA GGU AAU UCA mRNA