Wake-up Explain the difference between prophase and telophase.

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Presentation transcript:

Wake-up Explain the difference between prophase and telophase. What is the end result of the cell cycle? If a cell has 140 chromosomes and it undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will be present in the new cell?

Protein Synthesis Christopherson

Write down 3 “things” that you know about DNA

What is a GENE? Instruction manual for our body Portion of DNA that “codes” (has directions) for a trait

What is a TRAIT? A trait is a genetically determined characteristic

The nitrogen bases spell out the instructions. Where is a Gene? Within DNA The nitrogen bases spell out the instructions.

RNA Ribonucleic Acid Make up of Nucleotides Contains Phosphorus

RNA Nucleotide A C B Uracil Phosphate Nitrogen Base Guanine Cytosine Ribose Adenine Uracil

Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides Types of RNA Messenger RNA Nickname: mRNA Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides

mRNA Function Copy a message from a gene on DNA DNA mRNA

Types of RNA Transfer RNA Nickname: tRNA Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides and a amino acid

Carries amino acids to mRNA tRNA Function Carries amino acids to mRNA Amino Acids mRNA

Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides mixed with the ribosome Types of RNA Ribosomal RNA Nickname: rRNA Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides mixed with the ribosome

Forms peptide bonds between the amino acids rRNA Function Forms peptide bonds between the amino acids rRNA Peptide Bond Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid

DNA versus RNA: # of Strands

DNA versus RNA: Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose

DNA versus RNA: Bonds with Adenine Thymine Adenine Uracil

Review: Proteins Proteins are made up of amino acids that are held together by peptide bonds

Brief summary of Protein synthesis (Video iTunes: 12:22-14:58) Make Proteins

Brief Summary of Transcription Make mRNA from a gene on DNA

Location of Transcription Nucleus

Process of Transcription DNA Backbone Nitrogen Bases T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A RNA Polymerase RNA Polymerase attaches to DNA and breaks Hydrogen bonds; splitting DNA Choose a gene that needs to be “read” or copied

Process of Transcription DNA RNA Polymerase T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A T C A mRNA RNA polymerase adds matching nucleotides to exposed DNA strand DNA is split apart; separated Nitrogen Bases DNA Backbone A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A

Process of Transcription DNA RNA Polymerase T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A U C A mRNA mRNA leaves the nucleus RNA Polymerase leaves DNA recombines A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A U C A mRNA Nitrogen Bases DNA Backbone A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A

Transcription Animation Transcription Video #1 Translation Video: iTunes (16:37)

Transcribe the following DNA TAC GGC AAA TAG GAT TTT CCA TTA AGT AUG CCG UUU AUC CUA AAA GGU AAU UCA mRNA

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