Art History The Nineteenth Century: Birth of the “ISMS” The Twentieth Century: Modern Art - The Annotated Mona Lisa, Carol Strickland

Some of the Major Art Movements:  Nineteenth Century Neo Classicism Romanticism Realism Art Nouveau Impressionism Post-Impressionism Early Expressionism Symbolism

Art Movements continued…  Twentieth Century: Fauvism Cubism Modernism Dada + Surrealism Abstract Expressionism Colour Field and Hard Edge painting Pop Art Minimalism Conceptual Art Photo-Realism Neo- Expressionism Post-Modernism

Romanticism (1800 – 1850)  Rebelling against the Neoclassic “Age of Reason”  Artist chose emotion and intuition over rational objectivity  Romantics pursued their passions – living intensely rather than wisely Gericault, “The Raft of the Medusa” Turner, “The Fountain of Indolence”

Realism (1850 to 1900)  Precise imitation of visual perceptions without alteration.  Artists depicted scenes of real life, peasants and the urban working class.  Begins alongside the “Machine Age” – The Industrial Revolution Daumier, “The Third-Class Carriage” Homer, “Snap the Whip”

Art Nouveau ( between 1890 and WWI )  Ornamental style opposed to the sterility of the Industrial Age.  Flowering, decorative forms were created to counter the unaesthetic look of machine-made products. Beardsley, “The Peacock Skirt” Tiffany, “Grape Vine”

Antonio Gaudi (1852 – 1926)  Architect  Inspired by random forms of nature

Impressionism (1860s – 1886)  The first total artistic revolution since the Renaissance  Rejected Renaissance perspective, balanced composition, idealized figures and chiaroscuro.  Recorded perceptions through colour and light.  Created distinctively short, choppy brushstrokes.  Artists such as: Manet, Monet, Renoir, Degas

Claude Monet Rue Montorgueil, Paris, Festival of June 30, 1878 Poppies Blooming, 1873, Musée d'Orsay, Paris. Impression (Sunrise), soleil levant, 1872

Post-Impressionism (1850 – 1905)  Style derived from Impressionism – including bright colour patches and brush strokes  Wanted art to be more substantial, not dedicated wholly to capturing a passing moment (dissatisfied with Impressionism)  Artists such as: Seurat, Cezanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh

Cottages, 1890 Morning: Going out to Work (After Millet) Vincent van Gogh Still Life: Vase with Twelve Sunflowers, August 1888

Fauvism: Exploring Colour ( 1904 – 08 )  Characterized by arbitrary colour  First avant-garde art movement of the twentieth century  The public was critical, calling the artists “wild beasts” and “mad”  Experimented with new ways to express their emotional response to a scene Derain, “Big Ben”

Henri Matisse: Fauvism Dance (I) Oil on canvas, Red Room (Harmony in Red),1908

Pablo Picasso: Master of many styles The Old Guitarist, late 1903 Oil on panel Composition with Skull, 1908, Oil on canvas

Cubism  Revolt against realism in the form of shape (whereas Fauvists rejected realistic colour)  Shattering forms into fragments, collage, dismantling and reassembling images Braque, “Violin and Candle” Picasso, “Weeping Woman”

Surrealism  Was developed following the Dada movement (response to the madness of World War I)  Use of dream-like imagery, inspired by dreams and subconscious  Use of juxtaposition, metamorphosis, and distortion

Salvador Dali: Surrealism Metamorphosis of Narcissus The Persistence of Memory Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War)

Rene Magritte: Surrealism The Human Condition, 1935 False Mirror,1928

Social Protest Art - Photojournalism Dorothea Lange Highlighted poverty among the dispossessed during the Depression Jacob Riis A pioneering photojournalist, exposed issues such as homelessness among immigrants

Marc Chagall : A master of many styles Birthday I and the Village Oil on canvas

Abstract Expressionism (1940s – 50s)  “Art” is not just the product of artistic creation, but the process of creating it  Stressed energy, action and kineticism  Artists liberated themselves from the need to suggest recognizable images, giving free rein to impulse and chance Jackson Pollack Gorky, “Water of the Flowery Mill”

Pop Art  Subjects drawn directly from popular culture  Work based on images from the mass media and advertising  Characterized by glossy, bright colours produced with mechanical quality Lichtenstein, “Whaam!”

Andy Warhol: Pop Art Double Elvis Silkscreen ink on synthetic polymer paint on canvas Self-Portrait Silkscreen ink on synthetic polymer paint on nine canvases,

Op Art (mid 1960s)  “Optical Art”, developed by Bridget Riley  Combines colour and abstract patterns to produce optical illusions of pulsating movement Vaserely, “Duo-2” Riley, “Cataract” Riley, “Big Blue”

Carmichael, “Frood Lake” Tom Thompson, “The West Wind” The Group of Seven: Canadian Landscape

Emily Carr: Canadian West Coast Red Tree, c 1938, oil on paperboard Potlatch Welcome, c 1928, oil on canvas Upward Trend, 1937, oil on canvas

First Nations and Inuit Art in Canada Jay Simeon, “Raven Mask” Arnaktauyok, “The Power of Tunniq”