Spreadsheet Formulae Some Common Functions =IF(condition, true, false) Returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE and another value if it evaluates to FALSE. Use IF to conduct conditional tests on values and formulas

IF function A useful function when there is a choice between two alternatives Syntax –If(Logical_test, Value_if_true, Value_if_false) –Logical_test: any value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE –Value_if_true: Value returned if Logical_test is TRUE –Value_if_false:Value returned if Logical_test is FALSE

Allowable logical comparisons in IF function: –=, >, =, <> (not equal)

What is the result of these IF statements? The IF FUNCTION (CONT.) =IF (B6 < B7, B7, B6) =IF (B2 – B1 >20, “More”,”Less”) 10 More Example of Comparison: Is B5 > 5 ? Is B6 < B7 ?

IF Function Example In a regular driver ’ s income spreadsheet A driver's income is either $1,100 or $1,100+$600 depending on whether there is a “ No ” or ” Yes ” in the 'Race Win' column.

Example: if-function Build such a table and calculate the INCOME of each driver

What is the formula in C5? –=IF(B5="Yes", $C$1+$C$2, $C$1) What is another possible formula in C5? –=IF(B5="No", $C$1, $C$1+$C$2) If there are more than 100 drivers in the list, can you calculate all the incomes for them?

=VLOOKUP FUNCTION Syntax : =VLOOKUP(valueX, TableRange, ColNum, NotExact) Looks DOWN the left column of TableRange for the last row with a value <= valueX, then returns the value in ColNum columns across within TableRange. If NotExact is FALSE VLOOKUP only finds exact matches. If NotExact is TRUE or omitted and an exact match is not found then the largest value less than or equal to valueX is matched, as described above.

Spreadsheet Formulae Used to translate from one value to another Searches for a value in the leftmost column of a table returns a value in the same row from a column you specify in the table

VLOOKUP function =VLOOKUP( LookupValue, TableRange, ResultColumn, NotExact ) –LookupValue: the value to look up –LookupRange: the range of cells containing the table in which the value is to be looked up –ResultColumn: Column number of the range that contains the result you want –NotExact: if false, only find exact matches

Example 1: VLOOKUP with numbers EXAMPLE 1 To find =VLOOKUP(17, A1:C4, 2) =VLOOKUP searches down the first column of the specified block (column A), looking for the largest number less than or equal to 17. It stops at cell A2, then moves across the specified number of columns (2). It stops at cell B2 and returns the value 56.

Examples Find the values of the following: E1=VLOOKUP(17, A1:C4, 2) =? E2=VLOOKUP(5, A1:C4, 1) =? E3=VLOOKUP(50, A1:C4, 3) =? E4=VLOOKUP(1, A1:C4, 2) =? E5=VLOOKUP(18, A1:C4, 9) =? E6=VLOOKUP("18", A1:C4, 3) =?

VlookupExample2

What would be the answer given by Excel for =VLOOKUP("Tuesday", A1:C7,2) = =VLOOKUP("Thursday", A1:C7,2) = =VLOOKUP("Saturday", A1:C7,2) = EXAMPLE 2 (CONT’D) 145 (RIGHT) 56 (WRONG)

Eg. =VLOOKUP(“Tuesday”, A1:C7,2, FALSE) which means that only an exact match will do, so Excel will keep looking down the list until an exact match is found. What would be the right answer now? =VLOOKUP("Tuesday", A1:C7,2,FALSE) = =VLOOKUP("Thursday", A1:C7,2, FALSE)= =VLOOKUP("Saturday", A1:C7,2,FALSE) = Some of the answers are not what you would expect. WHY? For VLOOKUPs to work properly with text fields, it is very important to include FALSE in the NotExact field in the VLOOKUP. EXAMPLE 2 (CONT’D)

EXAMPLE 3 What is the vlookup formula in cell C8? =VLOOKUP(B8,$A$2:$B$5,2)

VlookupExample4 The look up table is(the speed range of different things)

VlookupExample4 Write down the description list for each in column A

VlookupExample5 Taxation table –Salary Range Tax % of salary > $ % of salary > $ % of salary > 300

VlookupExample5 Taxation.xls –What should be written in C9? the cell should maintain maximum flexibility (can be copied down or across)

HLOOKUP Use VLOOKUP instead of HLOOKUP when your comparison values are located in a column to the left of the data you want to find.

SPREADSHEET DESIGN Have an area (table) set aside to hold key values All cells in the working area then refer to the respective values in the Key Values Table By simply altering the key values different scenarios can be tested. Excel even has a scenario feature where different sets of key values can be stored and easily loaded from a scenario toolbar.

Example of possible layouts Key Values Table Working Area However addition of new column also affects the layout in Key Values Table

Another possible layout Key Values Table Working Area Can insert/delete rows/cols at will both here and in the key values table

CASE STUDY – ORCHIDS SHADE HOUSE A flower grower plants a bed of orchids in a shade house at a total cost of $6000. The bed will not start producing during the first year. In the second through eighth years it should produce, respectively, 150, 500, 1900, 2000, 2200, 2000, and 1200 dozen orchid sprays. Fixed annual operating costs are $1200 per bed, while variable expenses during producing years are 25% of sales receipts. Water costs per year are provided in the table in the orchid’s spreadsheet. If 2000 or more orchids are produced in a year then an extra staff hand needs to be employed, costing $18000 for that year. Due to the drought, water costs fluctuate each year: $2000, $3000, $5000, $5000, $5000, $6000, $6000 & $5000 respectively. Orchids currently sell for $15 per dozen, which has currently been increasing at 3.5% per year.

CASE STUDY – ORCHIDS SHADE HOUSE Construct a spreadsheet model that shows a breakdown of anticipated annual income and expenses over the eight years.

CASE STUDY – ORCHIDS SHADE HOUSE