COVALENT BONDING WHERE ELECTRONS ARE SHARED AND ATOMS REMAIN NEUTRAL

IONIC BONDING ELECTRONS ARE LOST BY METAL AND GAINED BY NONMETALS ATOM IS A METAL ATOM BECOMES + CHARGED -ATOM IS A NONMETAL -ATOM BECOMES --- -CHARGED

COVALENT BONDING  SHARING OF ELECTRONS  ATOMS REMAIN NEUTRAL  OCCURS BETWEEN:  2 NONMETALS  A NONMETAL AND A METALLOID  HYDROGEN AND ALL NONMETALS  PRODUCES WEAK BONDS  PRODUCES COMPOUNDS THAT HAVE LOW MELTING POINTS  ALL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ARE COVALENT

COVALENT BONDINGBETWEEN  2 NONMETALS Nonmetals, because they have more than 4 valence electrons and especially those that have small atomic radii, will bond with them- selves in order to become stable and exist at a lower energy state. These atoms will be called DIATOMS. There are 7 diatoms That you will need to memorize. They are F, Cl, Br, I, O, N, H.

COVALENT BONDS  Between hydrogen and A nonmetal Fluorine has 7 valence electrons It needs 8 in order to exist in a lower Energy state. It could bond ionically With A metal or covalently with hydrogen by sharing one of its valence electrons. Hydrogen has only one Electron and therefore will never Lose that electron. In order for It to become stable and exist In a lower energy state, it will Share its only electron with fluorine

COVALENT BONDING BETWEEN  NONMETAL AND A METALLOID Carbon will be our only metalloid with 4 valence electrons Fluorine is a Nonmetal with 7 Valence electrons The resulting stable cmpd Contains 4 F and 1 C. Because the atoms never LOST E’s they remain neutral.

POLARITY UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF CHARGES __ + On polar molecules, electrons are controlled by one Of the atoms.