7 October 2013 Questions Trivia: According to the New York Times, twenty percent of Americans spend 60 billion dollars per year on these. What are they? Brain Teaser: Six glasses are in a row. The first three are filled with juice, & the last three are empty. By moving only one glass, can you arrange them so that the full and empty glasses alternate?

Lesson 27 "Using Diet to Guard Against Disease"

Objectives Students will be able to... –(1) Discuss dietary guidelines to reduce the risk of developing cancer. –(2) Discuss dietary guidelines to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. –(3) Discuss dietary guidelines to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis. –(4) Discuss diet recommendations for people with diabetes of hypoglycemia. –(5) Discuss ways to avoid reactions to food allergies & intolerances, including lactose intolerance, celiac disease, & reactions to MSG.

Diet & Cancer What to Know About Diet & Cancer –Antioxidant: A substance that protects cells from being damaged by oxidation. Diets high in antioxidants have been associated with decreased rates of esophagus, lung, colon, & stomach cancer. Prevent cell damage & repair damaged cells. Help to prevent healthy cells from becomming cancerous cells. Vitamins C,E,A are antioxidants. Table on Outline

Diet & Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Disease: Disease of the heart & blood vessels. –Leading cause of premature death & disability. –Map of Heart Disease DeathsMap of Heart Disease Deaths

What to Know About Diet & Cardiovascular Disease Limit fat & cholesterol intake –Atherosclerosis: A disease in which there is a build up of plaque on artery walls. –Embolism: The blockage of an artery by a clump of material traveling in the blood stream. –Pulmonary Embolism: A blockage in the lung. –ExampleExample Increase your intake of foods & beverages containing antioxidants –Help prevent wear & tear in blood vessels. –Eat carrots, sweet potatoes, & squash to obtain Vitamin A –Eat citrus fruits to obtain Vitamin C –Eat green vegetables, nuts, & whole grain cereals to obtain Vitamin E

What to Know About Cardiovascular Disease (continued) Limit your intake of sodium –Can cause people to retain body fluid & have high blood pressure as a result. –High sodium foods include: bacon, BBQ sauce, chips, crackers, hot dogs, processed meats, ketchup, canned meat & mustard. Include flax, soy, canola, olive, & fish oils in your diet –Help to lower bad cholesterol (LDL) & increase good cholesterol (HDL)

How to Limit Fat Intake Limit your intake of cooked lean meat, poultry, & fish. Broil, bake, or steam foods rather than fry. Trim fat from meats before cooking Trim fat from poultry before cooking. Limit intake of egg yolks, consider egg substitute. Limit intake of high-fat processed meats (bologna, & hot dogs) Substitute fruits & low-fat yogurt for high-fat desserts. Substitute turkey, such as turkey hot dogs & turkey chili for red meat. Substitute nonfat or low- fat dairy products for whole milk dair products, such as low-fat yogurt for ice cream, skim milk for whole milk, reduced-fat mayonnaise for regular mayonnaise, etc. Substitute fruits & vegetables for high-fat snack such as potato chips

Diet & Osteoporosis Osteoporosis: A disease characterized by low bone mass & deterioration of bone tissue. –Causes bones to become brittle & fracture easily. –Females are ten times more likely to have severe osteoporosis than are males.

What to Know About Diet & Osteoporosis Calcium & phosphorus form the hard substance in bone –Adolescence is a time when inadequate calcium intake can contribute to osteoporosis later in life. –Bones approach maximum density during childhood, adolescence & young adulthood, so consuming enough calcium during those periods in crucial. Other ways to avoid osteoporosis –Engage in weight-bearing exercise. –Avoid smoking –Utilize bone density testing & medications when appropriate.

What to Know About Diet & Osteoporosis (continued) Bone Loss –Bone mass typically peaks between in both men & women. –Average bone loss for women before menopause is % a year and 3-4% after menopause. Heart Disease & Hormonal Treatment

Diet, Diabetes, & Hypoglycemia Diabetes: A disease in which the body either produces little or no insulin or cannot properly use insulin. Insulin: A hormone that regulates the blood sugar level. Without treatment, a person with diabetes will have high blood sugar. Being overweight increases your risk of developing one form of diabetes. Diabetes is treated with diet, exercise, medications, or insulin.

What to Know About Diet, Diabetes, & Hypoglycemia Dealing with Diabetes –Physician & dietitians work with diabetics to make a plan. –Plans may include eating complex carbs & limiting simple carbs, eating six small meals per day, & regular exams and blood sugar testing. Who is at Risk? –Associated with increased risk of blindness, cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, gangrene, amputation of toes & legs, & premature death.gangrene –Lack of physical activity, & obesity increase the risk for diabetes. –Early signs: frequent urination, excessive thirst, cravings for sweets, & weakness.

Hypoglycemia A condition in which there is too much insulin in the body, causing the blood sugar to be low. Guidelines for People with Hypoglycemia –Eat complex carbohydrates & protein to provide long- lasting energy. –Limit the amounts of sweets. Simple sugars increase blood sugar and the need for insulin. –Eat 6 small meals per day to maintain a constant blood sugar level. –Have regular exams to test blood sugar & reevaluate diet. –Maintain a desirable weight.

Food Allergies & Intolerances Food Allergy: An abnormal response to food that is triggered by the immune system. Most common food allergies: nuts, shellfish, eggs, fish Symptoms: diarrhea, swelling, sneezing, itching, & nausea.

Food Intolerances An abnormal response to food that is not caused by the immune system. Lactase Deficiency: A condition in which lactase, an enzyme that breaks down the milk sugar present in the cells of the small intestine, is missing. Lactose intolerance: The inability to digest lactose. Celiac Disease: A condition in which a person is intolerant to gluten. –Gluten is a part of wheat, rye, barley & certain other grains. –Symptoms: tiredness, breathlessness, weight loss, diarrhea, vomiting, & abdominal pain. –MSG