Mesopotamia Chapters 2 and 3

What does the name Mesopotamia mean? Meso- Middle Meso- Middle Potamos- River Potamos- River “The land between the rivers” “The land between the rivers”

What is a city-state? An independent state consisting of a city and it’s surrounding area. An independent state consisting of a city and it’s surrounding area.

Sumer (3500 BCE BCE) Rulers Cultural Developments Technological Advancements Gilgamesh Gilgamesh Sargon Sargon Naramsin Naramsin Cuneiform Cuneiform Potters wheel Potters wheel Mathematics Mathematics Lunar Calendar Lunar Calendar Bronze Age Bronze Age Canals and irrigation systems Canals and irrigation systems Agricultural developments (seed drill, oxen) Agricultural developments (seed drill, oxen) Wheeled carts and chariots Wheeled carts and chariots Pulleys Pulleys Trade Trade

Clip: Innovations of Sumerians

Babylonia (1900 BCE-1300 BCE) Rulers Cultural Developments Technological Advancements Hammurabi Hammurabi Hammurabi’s Law Code Hammurabi’s Law Code Carvings Carvings North-south river trade North-south river trade Currency Currency

Assyria (1300 BCE- 609 BCE) Rulers Cultural Developments Technological Advancements Ashurnasirpal Ashurnasirpal Sargon II Sargon II Sennacherib Sennacherib Esarhaddon Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Ashurbanipal Carvings become more important Carvings become more important Library Library Make iron Make iron Trading centres Trading centres Drainage and sewage systems improved Drainage and sewage systems improved Roads/ Postal service Roads/ Postal service

Clip: Why was trade important?

Chaldea ( 609 BCE- 530 BCE) Rulers Cultural Developments Technological Advancements Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar Belshazzar Belshazzar Hanging Gardens of Babylon Hanging Gardens of Babylon Astronomy Astronomy Efficient Calendar Efficient Calendar Hanging Gardens of Babylon Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Describe Hammurabi’s code of law. What were his laws about? What was the principle behind the law?

Describe the religious beliefs of the Mesopotamians Mesopotamian gods controlled everything. Mesopotamian gods controlled everything. They could bring good or bad to a people They could bring good or bad to a people Brought a sense of order and explained mysteries. Brought a sense of order and explained mysteries.

Terms: Anthropomorphic: attributing human qualities to gods, animals or non-human forms Anthropomorphic: attributing human qualities to gods, animals or non-human forms Polytheistic: belief or worship of more than one god. Polytheistic: belief or worship of more than one god. Mythology: myths or stories that relate to a particular culture or person. Mythology: myths or stories that relate to a particular culture or person. Ziggurats: temple in Babylonia or Assyria in the form of a pyramid of terraced towers Ziggurats: temple in Babylonia or Assyria in the form of a pyramid of terraced towers Oracles: divine or supernatural communication or place where these take place Oracles: divine or supernatural communication or place where these take place

Social Pyramid KING The Priests The Scribes The Merchants and Artisans The Common People The Slaves

KING: The word of the king is law. KING: The word of the king is law. PRIESTS: Influential because of the importance of religion. PRIESTS: Influential because of the importance of religion. SCRIBES: Educated, could read and write. Worked for the temple, the palace, the government or the army. SCRIBES: Educated, could read and write. Worked for the temple, the palace, the government or the army. MERCHANTS OR ARTISANS: Traders or craftspeople. MERCHANTS OR ARTISANS: Traders or craftspeople. COMMON PEOPLE: Earned their living from the land as farmers. COMMON PEOPLE: Earned their living from the land as farmers. SLAVES: performed household labour and various chores. No rights. SLAVES: performed household labour and various chores. No rights.

What was cuneiform? The first known form of writing. The first known form of writing. Based on picture signs. Based on picture signs. Kept accurate records of trading. Kept accurate records of trading.

Epic: Long narrative poems about heroes or expressing the ideals of a nation. Epic: Long narrative poems about heroes or expressing the ideals of a nation. Mosaic: A picture or design created using chips of colored stone inlaid together. Mosaic: A picture or design created using chips of colored stone inlaid together.

What were major advancements in the following areas for Mesopotamia? The Wheel The Wheel Wheeled wagons and chariots. Wheeled wagons and chariots. Farmers could pull 3 to 4 times more weight. Farmers could pull 3 to 4 times more weight. Used in pulleys to lift water from wells Used in pulleys to lift water from wells

Metallurgy Metallurgy Tool making Tool making Strong metals for weapons Strong metals for weapons Mathematics Mathematics Helped to build canals Helped to build canals Kept accurate trading records Kept accurate trading records Helped tabulate taxes Helped tabulate taxes Time Time Lunar Calendar Lunar Calendar

Lunar Calendar