Building the New Nation Mr. Johnson U.S. History

James Madison’s Presidency

James Madison “Father of the Constitution” Federalist Papers Bill of Rights Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions Democratic- Republican Secretary of State

Indian Relations

“Five Civilized Tribes”

Adopted English Customs –Farming –Christianity –Schools –Cabins –Written language (Sequoyah) –Tribal constitutions

Northwest Indian War Treaty of Greenville (1796) Ends the war Representatives from 10 tribes cede part of NW Territory Some tribes rejected the treaty…

Treaty of Ft. Wayne (1809) Gen. William Henry Harrison Additional land purchase after Treaty of Greenville Tecumseh –rejected the treaty –Threatened to make alliance with British

Tecumseh & Harrison

Tenskwatawa & Tecumseh Tenskwatawa – “Shawnee Prophet” Tecumseh – Military leader Indian confederacy to resist expansion into NW Territory

William Henry Harrison Battle of Tippecanoe –Burning of Prophetstown –Victory over Tenskwatawa –National hero –Later slogan: “Tippecanoe & Tyler Too!”

Foreign Policy

Background American Revolution Neutrality/Jay’s Treaty Impressment –Chesapeake- Leopard Affair Embargo Act –Non-Intercourse Act –Macon’s Bill #2

Impressment

War Hawks Young Democratic- Republican leaders Wanted to protect American interests Webster, Clay, Calhoun

War Hawks’ Goals Northerners –Seize Canada Southerners –Seize Florida All War Hawks –Stop impressment –Protect trade –Expand westward

Causes of the War 1.Impressment… 2.…Interference with trade 3.British provocation of Native American attacks

Fighting the War

Overview , 1815* Three Phases –U.S. invasion of Canada/Great Lakes –British invasion of Chesapeake Bay –Battle of New Orleans Treaty of Ghent

Battle of Lake Erie Oliver Hazard Perry: “We have met the enemy, and they are ours!”

Invasion of Canada

Death of Tecumseh (1813)

Burning of Washington, DC

Attack on Fort McHenry

Star-Spangled Banner

Hartford Convention 1814 New England states threaten to secede because of the war End up only calling for amendments to increase their political power

Hartford Convention

Daniel Webster Protested the poor conduct of the war Criticized secession movement –“Liberty and Union”

The War Ends

Treaty of Ghent (1814) Stalemated war Unpopular on both sides -“Mr. Madison’s War” Peace between U.S., Canada, & Britain Ghent, Belgium

Creek War Gen. Andrew Jackson Creek were allied with British Treaty of Ft. Jackson (1814)

Battle of New Orleans (1815) British tried to seize the strategic port before word of the treaty reached them Ended war on a “happy note” for U.S.

Jackson at New Orleans

Andrew Jackson

William Henry Harrison

Great Triumvirate Three Powerful Senators –Henry Clay (west) –Daniel Webster (north) –John C. Calhoun (south)

Roman Triumvirate Joint rule of Rome –Octavian –Antony –Lepidus Led to in-fighting

Domestic Policy

The “American System” Henry Clay –bank –Tariff –Internal improvements

Bank of United States Charter lapsed in 1811 Madison vetoed bank bills Wartime inflation & debt Re-chartered in 1816

Tariff of 1816 First protective tariff (rather than revenue tariff)… …Henry Clay’s “American System”

Internal Improvements Roads & canals Interstate commerce Agrarian vs. industrial

Effects of the War “2 nd War for Independence”… Future U.S./British friendliness Wave of nationalism… Era of Good Feelings Tribes were crushed… Indian removal Rise of new heroes… Jackson, Harrison & Great Triumvirate Wartime economic woes… “Federalist” economic plan

James Monroe’s Presidency

James Monroe Diplomat Secretary of War & State Louisiana Purchase Democratic- Republican Virginia… “dynasty”

Election of 1816 Dying Federalist Party Electoral vote –Monroe: 183 –King: 34

Election of 1820 Electoral vote –Monroe: 231 –Adams: 1

James Monroe Major Issues –Foreign policy successes –Domestic nationalism & sectionalism

Monroe’s Diplomacy

John Quincy Adams Monroe’s Secretary of State Peaceful relations with Spain and Britain/Canada

Adams-Onis Treaty

Rush-Bagot Treaty U.S.-British agreement Demilitarization of Great Lakes

Treaty of 1818 (49 th Parallel)

Monroe Doctrine

Nationalism & Sectionalism

“Era of Good Feeling” National optimism Dem.–Rep. domination –“Era of Good Feeling” –Death of Federalist Party… –…“National Republicans”

Marshall’s Federalist Court Gibbons v. Ogden –Interstate commerce McCulloch v. Maryland –National bank/ national supremacy

Panic of 1819 Causes Failure to re-charter National Bank War of 1812 caused debt Banks called in loans Effects Foreclosures Bank Failures Unemployment Reduced production

Missouri Compromise Missouri – slave Maine – free line Sectional conflict -Jefferson’s “firebell in the night”

The Virginia Dynasty Washington – Virginia Adams – Massachusetts Jefferson – Virginia Madison – Virginia Monroe – Virginia