Life in Upper Canada. British North America What are the colonies / land holdings of British North America?  Upper Canada – English  By great lakes/

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Presentation transcript:

Life in Upper Canada

British North America What are the colonies / land holdings of British North America?  Upper Canada – English  By great lakes/ St. Lawrence  Forest being cleared/ settlement growing  Lower Canada – French (mainly)  Down river - St. Lawrence  Montreal is thriving, attracts Scottish and American Settlers  PEI, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia  Maritimes thriving economy in fish/ forestry/shipbuilding  HBC: fur trade /land around Hudson’s Bay (shield)  Competition in West is NWC out of Montreal

Life in Upper Canada How was the land used in each colony? What was life like in the colony of Upper Canada?  Aboriginals, Fur traders, Colonists (of many classes and cultures) compete for land  Do you make a farm with roads and towns, or hunt for beavers, or recognize Native land claims?  Agriculture is the center of all life/ economy/ culture  Close communities/ depend on neighbours  Church is social event  Barter economy (pay with goods)  Learn from Natives (survival/ farming)

Class System What was the social structure? (class system)  Have class system – upper (aristocracy), middle (merchants) and lower (farmers)  Top in colony is the “Family Compact”  Executive council (government) and a social clique  Cheap labour not available – many upper class have to work the land too  Large estates and tenant farms (like serfdom)  Many lower class want the American style democratic classless system  Will lead to tension/ violence

Land: the most important part Who owns the land?  Aboriginals have original claim, and try to sign treaties to prevent Britain from selling it all away  HBC wants exclusive rights, but colonies are growing  Upper class Land speculators and absentee landlords own land and want to have colonists be tenant farmers  Family Compact owns most of the land (many angry at them)  Colonists feel betrayed – want to own their own land  2/7 of all land is church or crown reserve  Undeveloped and in the way (no roads)  Creates anger – prime land is wasted

Women What was it like for women in Upper Canada?  Women were married(very few single)  Marriage is essential for status - get social status of husband (no divorce)  Could not own property or work outside the home  Widows must rely on Friends/ relatives  Hard work – cooking washing, sewing, preserve food, make candles and soap, and help with planting, harvesting,  Large families – childbirth was dangerous (many die due to unsanitary conditions and no medical care)  Live in small, crowded, unsanitary cabins