1 CP586 © Peter Lo 2003 Multimedia Communication Multimedia and the Internet

CP586 © Peter Lo The Internet The key to Internet operation is Client Server model in which computers, called clients, can simultaneously access a server. Internet Backbone: Provides connectivity and services between servers. It relies on high speed communication lines to rapidly move information and commands between servers and individual work stations. DNS, TCP/IP, Internet functions, origin of the WWW and web authoring. HTML overview.

CP586 © Peter Lo Some services found on the Internet Web File transfer Chat Message board Instant messaging

CP586 © Peter Lo How did the Internet originate? Goal: To function if part of network were disabled Became functional September 1969 Goal: To allow scientists at different locations to share information ARPANET Networking project by Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)

CP586 © Peter Lo Who provides the Internet’s structure today? Government Cable companies Satellite companies Telephone companies Networks from corporations, commercial firms, and other companies

CP586 © Peter Lo How has the Internet grown? Today More than 100 million host nodes 1984 More than 1,000 host nodes 1969 Four host nodes

CP586 © Peter Lo Who controls the Internet? Nobody; it is public, cooperative, and an independent network Several organizations set standards World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Oversees research, sets standards and guidelines Tim Berners-Lee, director Internet2 (I2) Internet-related research and development project Develops and tests advanced Internet technologies

CP586 © Peter Lo What are ways to access the Internet? 1 Regional ISP 2 National ISP 3 OSP (Ex. AOL) 4 Wireless Internet Service Provider local call long-distance call 1 local call 2 toll-free call 3 local call 4

CP586 © Peter Lo How can you connect to the Internet? Very high-speed connection Digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable modem Dial-up access

CP586 © Peter Lo What are three parts of an Internet connection? Backbone Client Server

CP586 © Peter Lo How might data travel the Internet using a telephone line connection? Step 1 Step 2 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Regional ISP Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Regional ISP National ISP Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Regional ISP National ISP Internet backbone Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Regional ISP Local ISP National ISP Internet backbone Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Regional ISP Local ISP National ISP Internet backbone 1:R equest data from the a server on Internet. 2:M odem converts digital signals to analog signals. 3: Data travels through telephone lines to a local ISP. 4: Data passes through routers. 5:R egional ISP uses leased lines to send data to a national ISP. 6:N ational ISP routes data across the country. 7:N ational ISP passes data to local ISP. 8:S erver sends data back to you.

CP586 © Peter Lo Internet protocol (IP) address Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to Internet IP address first part identifies network last part identifies specific computer

CP586 © Peter Lo Domain name Text version of IP address IP address Domain name scsite.com

CP586 © Peter Lo What is a URL? Unique address for Web page located on Web server protocoldomain namepath

CP586 © Peter Lo The Internet The Internet is a vast network of interconnected computers that can share and exchange information. Started in 1960’s & was called “ARPAnet” The Internet is often called the Information Super Highway and the World Wide Web. Web pages are based on the HTML standard.

CP586 © Peter Lo Internet Basics HTTP: is a connection orientated protocol designed for the rapid transport of files. HTTP uses a simple protocol that supports negotiation between the client and server. This negotiation allows web browsers and servers to be developed independently of emerging technologies. Eg. Get, put, checkout, delete, text search.

CP586 © Peter Lo Internet Naming Structure INS uses labels separated by periods. It uses a hierarchical structure where organisations are grouped into primary domain names. com : Commerce, gov : Government, edu : Educational, mil : Military, Net : Internet Network Support Centres, org : Another Organisation, au : Australia.

CP586 © Peter Lo Standardised Addressing TCP/IP : Transport Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. The Internet uses TCP/IP. Each node on the Internet has an associated IP address X.W.Y.Z and a physical address of the form XX:XX:XX:XX. (MAC) X,W,Y,Z are integer values ranging IP is to postcode as MAC is to address.

CP586 © Peter Lo Reference Discovering Computers World 2003 (Ch. 2) Multimedia, Technology and Applications (Ch.10)