Civics: Government and Economics in Action Chapter 20: Criminal and Juvenile Justice Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Chapter Links Section 1 “Crime in American Society” Section 2 “The Criminal Justice System” Section 3 “The Juvenile Justice System” Civics: Government and Economics in Action

“Crime in American Society” Section 1 “Crime in American Society” Section Outline: The Problem of Crime The Types of Crimes The Causes of Crime Main Idea: Thousands of crimes are committed in the United States each year. The crimes, their causes, and what people think the system should do about crime vary. Key Terms: Assault Battery Burglary Embezzlement Treason Terrorism Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action The Problem of Crime Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) Statistics, 2000 More than 10 million property crimes Nearly 1.5 million violent crimes There is generally more crime in urban areas There is more crime in poor neighborhoods Crime makes people afraid Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action The Types of Crimes Crimes against people Acts that threaten, hurt, or end a person’s life Assault: placing someone in fear without actual physical contact Battery: placing someone in fear with physical contact Crimes against property Crimes against property; mostly stealing Burglary: the illegal breaking into a building Arson, Vandalism, Robbery, and Larceny Civics: Government and Economics in Action

The Types of Crimes (cont.) White-collar crime Non-violent crimes, often committed by office workers for business or financial gain Embezzlement: stealing money that has been entrusted to your care Victimless crimes Examples: drug use, or gambling. Crimes against the government Treason: betrayal of one’s country Terrorism: use of violence in order to get what they want from the government or society Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action The Causes of Crime Poverty Social Change and Changing Values Poor Parenting Drug Abuse Permissive Courts Not Enough Money for Police Violence in the Media THERE IS NO SINGLE CAUSE! Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action 2010 Crime Statistics Location Violent Murder Property Population Georgia Metro areas 32,383 507 294,205 7,922,112 Non-metro cities 4,098 24 33,555 659,535 Rural Counties 2,591 27 24,919 1,106,006 Wyoming 1,104 8 13,874 563,626 California 164,133 1,809 981,939 37,253,956 Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Crime Prevention Choose a crime or cause of crime Create a poster advertising the prevention of this crime or cause Work with 1 partner Your group will turn in an illustration and 1 paragraph explaining the advertisement Civics: Government and Economics in Action

“The Criminal Justice System” Section 2 “The Criminal Justice System” Section Outline: The Arrest and Pretrial Process Going to Trial III. Correctional Institutions Challenges Facing the System Proposals for Fighting Crime Main Idea: When an adult is arrested, he or she goes through a specific process. The process includes arraignment, indictment, trial, and sentencing or acquittal. Key Terms: Probable Cause Warrant Bail Indictment Arraigning Plea Bargain Parole Civics: Government and Economics in Action

The Arrest and Pretrial Process Probable Cause: good reason to believe that a suspect has been involved in a crime. Warrant: a legal paper, issued by a court, giving permission to make an arrest, seizure, or search. The Preliminary Hearing Before there is a trial, the prosecutor must show a judge that there is enough evidence to go ahead with the case. Bail is set Civics: Government and Economics in Action

The Arrest and Pretrial Process (cont.) Grand Jury Indictment: a formal charge against the accused Arraignment: a court hearing in which the defendant is formally charged with a crime, and enters a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest. Usually deals with more serious crimes Pretrial Motions Usually concerns evidence that may be used Plea Bargaining Agreeing to plead guilty in exchange for a lesser charge or a lighter sentence. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Going to Trial Jury Selection Citizens are called to serve on juries Must decide if the defendant is innocent or guilty The Trial The defendant has the right to a speedy and public trial. Defendants are also entitled to a lawyer. Witnesses may be called by the defense or prosecution attorneys. Sentencing The judge selects a sentence between the maximum and minimum for that crime. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Correctional Institutions Convicts enter the corrections system This term is meant to imply that the system will “correct” the criminal, teaching him not to commit said crime again. Parole Letting an inmate go free to serve the rest of his or her sentence outside of a prison. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Proposals for Fighting Crime Preventing Crime “Neighborhood Watch” and more police to patrol Being Tougher on Criminals Mandatory sentences and capital punishment (death-penalty) Rehabilitation Trying to teach inmates to live productive lives when they are released Civics: Government and Economics in Action

“The Juvenile Justice System” Section 3 “The Juvenile Justice System” Section Outline: Juvenile Courts Juvenile Court Procedure Strengthening Juvenile Justice Main Idea: The juvenile justice system was specially designed for troubled youths younger than 18. This system involves a different process and different penalties from those in the adult criminal justice system. Key Terms: Delinquent Status Offender Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Juvenile Courts Juvenile Courts Established in Illinois, 1899 Courts set aside for young people Delinquent: a juvenile found guilty of a crime Status Offender: a youth who is found guilty with running away, truancy, or disobedience. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Juvenile Court Procedure Arrest and Intake The Initial Hearing The Adjudicatory Hearing Takes the place of a trial The Dispositional Hearing Judge decides on a sentence Aftercare Each youth is assigned a parole officer Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Strengthening Juvenile Justice Community Based Programs Diversion Programs Preventing Juvenile Crime Civics: Government and Economics in Action