Chapter 1 Lesson 5 North vs. South (Union vs. confederacy)

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 1 Lesson 5 North vs. South (Union vs. confederacy) The Civil War (1861-1865) Chapter 1 Lesson 5 North vs. South (Union vs. confederacy)

The War Between the States North in 1861 Advantages Population Industrialization Transportation Food Disadvantages “Away Team” Leadership

Northern Advantages Population – Slave/Free pop. 1861

Northern Advantages Industrialization – over 80% of U.S. Factories

Northern Advantages Transportation – 22,000 miles of railroads (South=only 9,000 miles)

Northern Advantages Food Production & Overall Resources (population, land, trans.)

Northern Disadvantages Leadership – best Generals (Robert E. Lee) in South

Northern Disadvantages “Away Team” – Have to invade & CONQUER the south

Southern Advantages “King Cotton” – Foreign powers relied on cotton (1/5 of British citizens were employed in cotton related industries)

Southern Advantages “Home Team” – defend territory

Southern Advantages Leadership – Better leaders; ROBERT E. LEE (Lincoln wanted him to lead Union troops – He declined to stay with Virginia) “Stonewall” Jackson Robert E. Lee James Longstreet

Southern Advantages Motivated Soldiers – fighting to preserve society in the South

Southern Disadvantages Population

Southern Disadvantages Economy

Southern Disadvantages Industry – first factory built 1845; very far behind North in industry (Graniteville Textile Comp. , Richmond, VA)

Strategies North Force Surrender Anaconda Plan Through attrition Control Miss. River Blockade Ports Control Richmond, VA

Anaconda Plan

Strategies South Defend Territory – Hopefully Yankees will give up fighting after a while Win foreign recognition from France or Britain (because of Cotton trade) Motto – “With God as Our Vindicator”

Theatres of War WEST EAST All battles fought West of Appalachian mountains to MS river EAST All battles fought East of App. Mountains

Armies UNION CONFEDERACY Army of the Potomac Armies named after rivers Army of Northern Virginia Armies named after states

FIGHTING 1st Battle of Bull Run (1st Battle of Manassas)=first battle of the Civil War 4,878 casualties – each side realized it would be a long fight

ANTIETAM Battle of Antietam Creek – Sep. 17, 1862 Bloodiest single day in American history – 23,000 casualties

Emancipation Proclamation After Union victories in 1862, Lincoln decides to issue the Emancipation Proclamation Does not free any slaves, because it only accounted for slaves in Confederate states still in rebellion

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

Three Turning points of Civil War 1863 – Year the “tide turned” for North 1) Gettysburg, PA Turned Robert E. Lee back south. He would never invade the North again. 2) Vicksburg, Ms U.S. Grant wins. Union now has full control of the Mississippi River. 3) Chattanooga, TN The Union Army wins; The deep South is open to invasion. William T. Sherman can wage TOTAL WAR on the South.

Gettysburg

GETTYSBURG Casualties

VICKSBURG Gen. Ulysses S. Grant takes control of the Mississippi River

CHATTANOOGA OPENS UP DEEP SOUTH TO INVASION

TOTAL WAR William T. Sherman leads Union troops on his “MARCH TO THE SEA” Wages “TOTAL WAR” Destroys South’s will to fight Burns and destroys major Georgia cities Turns North toward Richmond, VA

FINAL DAYS Gen. Robert E. Lee attempts to defend Virginia in 1864-1865…cannot do it

Surrender Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Gen. U.S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse – April 9, 1865

Casualties

Casualties

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln April 14, 1865 Killed by John Wilkes Booth

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

The Assassins