By: Patrick Rameas II

Civil War April 12 th, 1861-April 9 th, 1865 Although, the Confederate soldiers were still stationed until June 23 rd, when the last major fight occurred.

 The Civil War had many names; the American Civil War, the War Between the States, the War of Northern Aggression, and the War for Southern Independence.  The American Civil War was fought between two sides, the United States of America, or the Union, and the Confederate states of America, more often called the Confederacy.  Each group contained many states that believed in common principles.  In a summary, it was a fight for independence and rights, and what happened had to happen in order to have a healthy country.

Oregon, California, Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maine, Vermont, new Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts. Union (Free States) Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia. Border States (Slave States, but sided with Union) Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, North & South Carolina, and Virginia. Confederacy (Slave States)

 The Confederate States of America allied themselves with France under Napoleon’s rule, and England, who had to ally itself with France since England wasn’t very powerful compared to its threatening neighbor.  Although, most European countries favored the Union, there was a lot of uncertainty going around, and no country wanted to help when there was no clear sight of gaining anything from it.

 Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederate States of America  Abraham Lincoln: President of the United States of America  Robert E. Lee: General of the Confederacy’s military  Ulysses S. Grant: Commander of the Union’s military and armed forces.

 3 of the deadliest battles were key turning points n the war, and if it weren’t for battles like these that effected the war so much, history could be a lot different!  Seven Days Battle Seven Days Battle  Battle of Chancellorsville Battle of Chancellorsville  Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Gettysburg

 During the period of 7 days, June 25 th -July 1 st, 1862, a mesh of 6 battles occurred around Richmond Virginia.  Beginning with the Battle of Oak Grove, General Robert E. Lee was on the offensive against an army under the control of the Union’s Major General George B. McClellan.  Over the course of these battles, the Confederacy lost more men, having roughly 20 thousand casualties, while the Union held strong with a mere 16 thousand.  Although it was the Confederacy who was on the offense, these series of battles were actually the failed attempt of the north to occupy the Confederacy’s capital at Richmond, Virginia. Click to return!

 April 30 th -May 6 th, 1863, the major battle of the Chancellorsville Campaign led by Robert E. Lee of the Confederate States of America.  This battle was won by the Confederate army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee’s control due to a risky decision that ended up paying off.  Splitting the army twice, the Confederacy cause a Union retreat to Chancellorsville and eventually won.  On May 3 rd, near the end of the battle, a series of attacks on the Union led to bloody losses on both sides, bringing more infamy to the Civil War. Click to return!

 Occupying 3 days, July 1 st -3 rd, 1863, and all of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and its surrounding area.  In this battle, cavalry fought hard and, over all, the most deadly part of the battle was the 12,500-man assault on Cemetery Ridge (Pickett’s Charge).  This battle is a key turning point in history because of the downfall of the Confederacy’s invasion of the north.  Union wins the battle of Gettysburg.  This battle is the cause of President Lincoln’s famous Gettysburg Address.Gettysburg Address Click to return!

Ranged Gatling Guns First machine to fire bullets in rapid succession, invented by Richard Gatling, first used by the Union. Close Range Small Arms Muskets, rifles, carbines, pistols, handguns, and other firearms were used to provide a quick alternative to reloading. Melee Edged Weapons Bayonets, sabers, cutlasses, swords, Bowie knives, pikes, lances, and more were used as melee weapons.

Smoothbore Cannons: Napoleon: muzzle-loading, 12 pounder “gun- howitzer”, light and mobile, offensive and defensive, used on both sides, initially made of bronze, range was 1700 yards, but more effective the closer the target, most-used artillery in Civil War by a long-shot. Far Range Rifled Cannons: 3-inch ordinance & under 10-pdr Parrott rifles, had better accuracy and range (about 2,300 yards), important for knocking down fortresses. Far Range Cannons were probably the deadliest far-range weapons used!

 Ironclads were a special “breed” of ships that were used in the Civil War.  Made of iron, it is much harder to sink than any regular ship.  The first Ironclad was made by the French Navy, which shows where the Confederacy got it from.  It was a revolution in navy and war-on-water. So, obviously, it’s not a ship to be reckoned with!

 As a result of the American Civil War, America has become a lot closer. With the Confederacy’s downfall, it led every other state that joined, telling them what they were getting in to. There was no secession.  With the Civil War come and gone, Civil and State rights had an eye opened on them. They were studied more often and also kept in check better.  With the south crushed, it also let the Union decide that certain things were overdue to be expelled from the United States.  The brotherhood was reborn, and America lives healthy again!

The Confederate Army, under control of Robert E. Lee, was overrun in Richmond Virginia (Confederacy capital), meaning the surrender of the Confederacy. Confederacy loses the Civil War! No Secession! Ulysses S. Grant, commander of the Union’s military/armed forces, was the leader who put an end to Richmond, Va.

 En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_states_of_America  “The Confederacy and the Allies” published on August 9, 1863  “Weapons of the American Civil War” (civilwarhome.com/weapons.htm) last updated on    PICTURE BIBLIOGRAPHY        71-wrecking-ball.jpg 71-wrecking-ball.jpg    Civil%20War/Gettysburg%20You%20Are%20There.jpg Civil%20War/Gettysburg%20You%20Are%20There.jpg