Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Defining Federalism What Is Federalism? Federalism – Organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people. Unitary governments – Organizing a nation so all power resides in the central government. Confederation – A nation in which the national government is weaker than the states. LO 3.1 To Learning Objectives

LO 3.1 To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Defining Federalism Why Is Federalism So Important? Decentralizes our politics – More opportunities for political participation. Decentralizes our policies – Federal and state governments handle different problems. LO 3.1 To Learning Objectives

LO 3.1 To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

The Constitutional Basis of Federalism The Division of Power Supremacy Clause – Article VI of the Constitution states the U.S. Constitution, laws of Congress, and treaties are supreme. Tenth Amendment – “The powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.” LO 3.2 To Learning Objectives

LO 3.2 To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

The Constitutional Basis of Federalism Establishing National Supremacy Implied Powers - McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) ruled Congress had implied powers in addition to its enumerated powers. Commerce Power - Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) defined commerce very broadly to encompass virtually every form of commercial activity. LO 3.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Constitutional Basis of Federalism States’ Obligations to Each Other Full Faith and Credit – Article IV, Section I of Constitution requires each state to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of all other states. LO 3.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Constitutional Basis of Federalism States’ Obligations to Each Other (cont.) Extradition - Article IV, Section II of Constitution requires a state to surrender a person charged with a crime to the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed. LO 3.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Constitutional Basis of Federalism States’ Obligations to Each Other (cont.) Privileges and Immunities – Article IV, Section II of Constitution requires states to give citizens of each state the privileges of citizens of other states. LO 3.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Lesson #4

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Intergovernmental Relations Today From Dual to Cooperative Federalism Dual Federalism – A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies. LO 3.3 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Intergovernmental Relations Today From Dual to Cooperative Federalism (cont.) Cooperative Federalism – A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. Standard operating procedures of cooperative federalism - Shared costs, federal guidelines, and shared administration. LO 3.3 To Learning Objectives

LO 3.3 To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Intergovernmental Relations Today Devolution? Devolution – Transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local governments. State and local governments are mostly responsible for handling crime, welfare, and education. LO 3.3 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Intergovernmental Relations Today Fiscal Federalism Fiscal Federalism – Pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system. Federal grants to state and local governments have grown rapidly and now amount to more than $600 billion per year. Grants increased in 2010 and 2011 due to the stimulus package. LO 3.3 To Learning Objectives

LO 3.3 To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Intergovernmental Relations Today Fiscal Federalism (cont.) The Grant System: Distributing the Federal Pie ($600 billion) Categorical grants (project grants and formula grants) can be used for specific purposes and have strings attached. Block grants support programs in community development and social services. LO 3.3 To Learning Objectives

LO 3.3 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Intergovernmental Relations Today Fiscal Federalism (cont.) Scramble for Federal Dollars – Grant distribution ($600 billion yearly) is universalism; a little something for everybody. Mandate Blues - Mandates direct state governments to comply with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of a federal grant. LO 3.3 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Understanding Federalism Federalism and Democracy Increases access to government. Local problems can be solved locally. An interest concentrated in a state can exercise substantial influence in the election of that state’s officials. Hard for political parties to dominate all politics. LO 3.4 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Understanding Federalism Federalism and Democracy (cont.) States have different quality and quantity of public services. Local interest can counteract and impede national interests. Having so many governments (89,527 American governments) makes it difficult to know which governments are doing what. LO 3.4 To Learning Objectives

LO 3.4 To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Understanding Federalism Federalism and the Scope of the National Government National power increased with industrialization, expansion of individual rights, and social services. Most issues, concerns, and problems require resources afforded to the national, not state, governments. LO 3.4 To Learning Objectives

LO 3.4 To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

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