Collecting and using data to monitor Violence Against Women Tbilisi UNECE Sub-Regional Workshop on Gender Statistics September 27-29

MACROSYSTEM EXOSYSTEM MICROSYSTEM Legal sphere Educational sphere Labour market sphere Psychological sphere Health sphere

Indicators for each sphere Reflection of a holistic policy and legislation (or not!) All stakeholders can be reflected per their role All of the areas mentioned in the methodological approach are included Differentiate between output and outcome indicators

Itinerary approach to indicators on VAW Women affected by violence initiate a critical path or itinerary in each of the areas. Most policies and legislation do not take into account the fact that there are several fronts opened which need to be addressed (many blind spots in preventive policy ) That is why holistic approaches must be promoted, financed and monitored This includes the work by NGOs and women’s machineries

Background situation in Spain New legislation in 2004 is a holistic Law addressing gender based violence with support from all the political parties (although PP does not agree with the positive discrimination aspects) Since 1997 media in Spain changed forever the way VAW was portrayed, reported and viewed (Ana Orantes burned to death by her husband after appearing on a national television talk show denouncing a lifetime of violence) TURNING POINT IN SPANISH SOCIETY All cases of death are reported in ALL media as macho violence or gender based violence (no more passionate crimes, etc.) These are two of the most important qualitative indicators which are being constantly improved in Spain: political unity and specialised reporting (however there is a debate on false reporting)

Background situation in Spain Since 1999 Macro surveys based on the Canadian experience have been carried out every 4 years (2002, 2006) There is as steady decrease in the percentage of Spanish women affected by intimate partner violence, but increasing among the also increasing immigrant population Deaths have an irregular pattern Specific measures for immigrant women (especially in an illegal situation in the country)

Background situation in Spain There are official state, regional and local observatories on violence that collect and process various indicators produced by a wide range of institutions There are NGO initiatives also with support from public funding The various Ministries, departments and institutions are in charge of collecting different types of data are developing and refining their tools (Justice, Health, Labour, Social Security, Education, Rural development, Local government federations)

Resident adult female population in Spain Women technically considered as abused (Type A) Women self- classified as abused (Type B) Women technically considered as abused (Type A) Women technically considered as abused (Type A) Women self- classified as abused (Type B) Women self- classified as abused (Type B) (*) Statistically significant difference using the Chi square test at 0.01 confidence interval 12.4%4.2%11.1*%4.0%9.6*%3.6*% Source: Analysis report of the Macro survey on VAW, Institute for Women, 2006

What type of indicators? 1.Analysis and Scale of gender violence 2.Analysis of adopted Measures 3.Resources 4.Surveys and research studies

EXAMPLES: 1. ANALYSIS AND SCALE OF GENDER VIOLENCE 1.1. Known violence 1.2. Description of person who suffers violence Socio-demographic data of person who suffers violence Family situation of person who suffers violence Labour situation of person who suffers violence Economic data of person who suffers violence Other data of person who suffers violence Violence suffered

EXAMPLES Description of the alleged aggressor Socio-demographic data of the alleged aggressor Family situation of the alleged aggressor Labour situation of the alleged aggressor Economic data of the alleged aggressor Other data of the alleged aggressor Police and judicial record of the alleged aggressor Personal background of the alleged aggressor Rehabilitation of the aggressor

EXAMPLES 1.4. Mortal victims Mortal victims of gender violence as per the terms of O.A. 1/2004 (NEW LEGISLATION) Mortal victims in the family environment 1.5. Indicators for data from the Macro Survey, other surveys and research studies Indicators for data from the gender violence Macro Survey Indicators for data from other surveys and research studies

EXAMPLES: 2. ANALYSIS OF ADOPTED MEASURES 2.1. Data from the National Law Enforcement Agencies Information requests to Law Enforcement Agencies Filed complaints for gender violence as per the terms of OAGV Police action 2.2. Judicial data Criminal Justice Civil Justice Integral Gender Violence Assessment Units (UVIVG) Assistance services for persons suffering violence Family Meeting Point

2.3. Training for professionals Education measures aimed at practicing professionals Measures aimed at professionals still studying and who will assist persons who suffer violence or aggressors in the future 2.4. Education 2.5. The media and public opinion 2.6. Healthcare In relation to inclusion of Gender Violence in Healthcare policies In relation to epidemiological surveillance of gender violence from the healthcare system Persons suffering gender violence aggressions which have been treated Number of reports issued by the Specialised Units, Healthcare Centres and Hospitals

2.7. Social services Women who suffer gender violence and use the advice centres and information services Women who suffer gender violence and use the emergency assistance services (emergency, on- line advice and 112 emergency assistance service units Users of temporary shelter centres (emergency shelter centres, shelter homes and protected flats

2.8. Employment Number of subsidised contracts executed with female workers who confirm the condition of victims of gender violence Number of provisional or substitution contracts to substitute female workers victims of gender violence who have suspended the labour contract or exercised the right to geographic mobility Number of female workers victims of gender violence who receive the Active Income for Insertion (RAI) Number of female workers victims of gender violence who receive unemployment benefit as a result of the suspension or termination of the labour contract due to gender violence

Number of self-employed female workers victims of gender violence who have stopped contributing to the Social Security system for this reason and continue to be considered as actively contributing Number of female civil servants victims of gender violence Number of women who receive the economic established in section 27 of Organic Act 1/ Number of female workers who suffer gender violence and are beneficiaries of labour integration training programmes Collective bargaining agreements with clauses that make reference to gender violence

EXAMPLES: RESOURCES 3.1. Police resources 3.2. Judicial resources Courts Integral Gender Violence Assessment Units Assistance offices for persons suffering violence Meeting Points Prosecutor ʼ s Office Lawyers on legal aid duty specialised in gender violence Co-ordination points 3.3. Education for professionals Professionals who have received specific education on gender violence Professionals who have received education with modules on gender violence

3.4. Education resources 3.5. Media resources 3.6. Healthcare resources 3.7. Social services resources Advice centres and information services Emergency assistance services (emergency units, 112 assistance services units, Temporary shelter centres 3.8. Labour and Social Security resources 3.9. Budget allocated to development of above measures

Careful interpretation of data Higher number of registered crime does not mean phenomenon is growing, but rather that there is now more knowledge about rights (also depends if anonymous or family can file complaint) Careful monitoring of different social groups as relevant in each country (ethnic, immigrants, age, etc.) Complaints filed and complaints withdrawn Effects on children