Parent Involvement in the Literacy Development of Homeless Children Lyn Burningham, Ed.D, Connie Crosby, NAEHCY Conference November Lyn Burningham, Ed.D, Connie Crosby, NAEHCY Conference November
Purpose / Collect information about the experiences, activities, characteristics, and outcomes of programs that increase parent involvement or act as barriers in the literacy development of children who are homeless.
Research Questions / What do principals, teachers, and parents perceive as strengths and weaknesses of programs currently in place to assist parents who are homeless to become engaged in their children’s literacy learning? / How are parents of children who are homeless participating in their children’s literacy learning? / What do principals, teachers, and parents perceive as strengths and weaknesses of programs currently in place to assist parents who are homeless to become engaged in their children’s literacy learning? / How are parents of children who are homeless participating in their children’s literacy learning?
Research Questions / What are the barriers to parent involvement? / What changes would be recommended to better meet the needs of children who are homeless? / What are the barriers to parent involvement? / What changes would be recommended to better meet the needs of children who are homeless?
Statistics / Utah / children / children / ,087 children / District / children / children / children / 62% rise in families with children / (Deseret News, March 23, 2006) / Utah / children / children / ,087 children / District / children / children / children / 62% rise in families with children / (Deseret News, March 23, 2006)
Type of Study / Qualitative study using phenomenological methods / Lived experiences of families / Philosophical perspectives / Social Constructivist Lens / Reality / Knowledge / Learning / Qualitative study using phenomenological methods / Lived experiences of families / Philosophical perspectives / Social Constructivist Lens / Reality / Knowledge / Learning
History / Large suburban school district / 87 schools / 77,000 students / 1702 identified homeless students ( ) / 2254 identified homeless students ( ) / McKinney Vento funding / $145,279 Formula / $30,000 Competitive / Large suburban school district / 87 schools / 77,000 students / 1702 identified homeless students ( ) / 2254 identified homeless students ( ) / McKinney Vento funding / $145,279 Formula / $30,000 Competitive
Demographics - Shelter / Age yrs. / Gender Males - 19 Females - 52 / Ethnicity / 42 (58%) Caucasian / 19 (27%) Hispanic / 8 (11%) African American / 3 (4%) Native American / Age yrs. / Gender Males - 19 Females - 52 / Ethnicity / 42 (58%) Caucasian / 19 (27%) Hispanic / 8 (11%) African American / 3 (4%) Native American
Demographics (cont.) / Children in Family 0-7 / Marital Status / Single 18 / Married 27 / Separated 15 / Divorced 9 / Education / Some high school16 / High school grad/GED21/6 / Some college18 / College grad3 / Other8 / Children in Family 0-7 / Marital Status / Single 18 / Married 27 / Separated 15 / Divorced 9 / Education / Some high school16 / High school grad/GED21/6 / Some college18 / College grad3 / Other8
Sites / 5 Shelters in district / 3 shelters used for study / Seasonal conditional use shelter / Families with children / Domestic abuse shelter / Men and women w/wo families / Transitional female shelter / Women w/children to 10 yrs / 5 Shelters in district / 3 shelters used for study / Seasonal conditional use shelter / Families with children / Domestic abuse shelter / Men and women w/wo families / Transitional female shelter / Women w/children to 10 yrs
Data Collection / Triangulation mixed methods design / 8 months - December 2004-July 2005 / 93 unduplicated participants / Parents - 75 / Principals - 3 / Classroom & shelter teachers - 13 / Shelter staff - 2 / Triangulation mixed methods design / 8 months - December 2004-July 2005 / 93 unduplicated participants / Parents - 75 / Principals - 3 / Classroom & shelter teachers - 13 / Shelter staff - 2
Data Collection (cont.) / Surveys / 72/75 returned - 96% return rate / Focus groups / 35 parents / 10 educators / 2 shelter staff / Individual interviews / 3 principals / 8 teachers / Surveys / 72/75 returned - 96% return rate / Focus groups / 35 parents / 10 educators / 2 shelter staff / Individual interviews / 3 principals / 8 teachers
Epstein Framework / School / Community / Family Epstein, J. (1995). Phi Delta Kappan 77(9) / School / Community / Family Epstein, J. (1995). Phi Delta Kappan 77(9)
Epstein Framework CommunitySchool Family
Framework Themes / Educational Support / Parent Literacy Involvement / Involvement Barriers
Revised Framework Educational Support (Shelter/Community) Educational Support (School) Parent Literacy Involvement
FINDINGS
Educational Support (school) / 75% supported schools / 44% didn’t know or participate in parenting classes / Communication / Positive notes / Daily reports, contracts, homework folders / Motivation/Self Confidence / Processes and Procedures / District Support Teams / 75% supported schools / 44% didn’t know or participate in parenting classes / Communication / Positive notes / Daily reports, contracts, homework folders / Motivation/Self Confidence / Processes and Procedures / District Support Teams
Educational Support (shelter) / Strong collaboration between schools/shelters / After-school programs / Parent classes / GED / Adult literacy classes / Parenting skills / Literacy materials / Strong collaboration between schools/shelters / After-school programs / Parent classes / GED / Adult literacy classes / Parenting skills / Literacy materials
Parent Literacy Involvement / Highly involved - different perceptions / Importance of reading to and with children / Wanted children to listen/pay attention / Concerned with stress on children / Wanted to help but needed “know-how” / Wanted to play an active role / Highly involved - different perceptions / Importance of reading to and with children / Wanted children to listen/pay attention / Concerned with stress on children / Wanted to help but needed “know-how” / Wanted to play an active role
Involvement Barriers Educational Support (Shelter/Community) Educational Support (School) Parent Literacy Involvement Literacy Materials Facilities School Expectations: Time Parent Skills Knowledge Special Programs Special Ed. Early Childhood School Access Transportation No Car Disabled Access Bureaucracy Red Tape Family Issues Stress Health Money Childcare
Recommendations / Educational Support / Develop a school training module / Organize a parent resource center / Develop snapshot parenting classes
Recommendations / Parent Literacy Involvement / Provide a literacy kit for parents / Collaborate with shelters for structure and consistency during reading time
Recommendations / Overcoming Involvement Barriers / Build positive relationships / Provide an activity bus / Provide childcare for school activities / Promote a volunteer center at the shelters / Encourage healthcare classes / Obtain access to job opportunities
Future Implications / Collaborate with local & state agencies / Approach research from an educational level / Enhance a study using participant observation / Encourage professional development