Imperialism in China

China Resists Foreign Influence Qing (Manchu) Dynasty Chinese had little interest in trading with western nations Europeans: silk, porcelain, tea, spices Chinese did not need to trade

British trade with China centered around opium. The British imported opium from India to China in exchange for silk. Chinese silver was used to buy opium, and the Chinese government was fearful of a trade imbalance. China demanded that opium sales stop, but the British did not comply. This led to the Opium Wars. Opium dens, 1850 Chinese receiving opium from Patna, British India Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

Empress Dowager Ci Xi Empress Dowager Ci Xi worked with her government officials to fight against the British in the First Opium War, from 1839-1842. 1839-1842 The first opium war is fought between Britain and China. Empress CiXi (pictured above) lived through the Opium Wars, the Taiping Rebellion and the Boxer Uprising. Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

Opium War Chinese emperor asks Queen Victoria to stop the opium trade/unanswered China destroys millions of dollars of opium China no match for modern weaponry and equipment. 1842 Sign the Treaty of Nanjing

Treaty of Nanjing China paid Britain’s war costs Opened 5 ports to trade Extraterritoriality Britain received the island of Hong Kong Sometimes called the 1st of the Unequal treaties Western powers carved out spheres of influence (exclusive trading privileges)

Asia was carved up after the Opium Wars England annexed Hong Kong and Kowloon France took over Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos) Russia moved into Chinese Turkistan and Manchuria Japan grabbed Taiwan and won dominance over Korea This cartoon depicts England, Germany, Russia, France, and Japan at the table, ready to cut up China after the Opium Wars.

The Opium Wars brought an end to the isolation of the ancient Chinese civilization and introduced far-reaching social, economic and cultural ideas to the Chinese. Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

Chinese reaction to Imperialism The Taiping Rebellion 1850 – 1864 Chinese peasants angry over poverty and corruption/natural disasters/loss of mandate of heaven Destroyed Chinese economy Millions of deaths Put down with the help of westerners

Chinese reform Chinese government resists modernization Self strengthening movement Dowager Empress CI Xi ruled China from 1861 to 1908 Weapons and steam driven ships Western experts 100 days of reform Too little too late United States: Open Door Policy

The Boxer Rebellion Boxers Society of Harmonious Fists 1900 throw out the foreigners Death to foreign devils Growth of nationalism Failure Westerners send in 20,000 soldiers to put down the rebellion

The Boxer Rebellion challenged Western commercial and political influence in China. The Chinese, though great in number, could not stop the imperial forces. The U.S., Japan, Russia, Germany, Austria, France, and Great Britain sent troops to China to fight. Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

Sun Yat- sen (Sun Yixian) Revolution of 1911 1st president of Chinese republic Three Principles of Sun Yixian End foreign domination Form a representative government (democracy) Create economic security for all Chinese

WHAT ASIA NATION WAS AN IMPERIALIST POWER? (JAPAN) Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN