Mr. Johnson APUSH Hopewell High School SECTIONAL CRISES OF THE 1850S

Sectionalism & Compromise Before 1850 Constitutional Convention – _____ Compromise – _____ _____ compromise Early Republic – Formation of first two political ________ – First ___________ Crisis (Alien & Sedition Acts) – ________ Convention (War of 1812) – _______ Compromise of 1820 (36°30’ line) Jacksonian Era – Second _____________ Crisis (Tariff of Abominations of 1828, Force Bill & Compromise Tariff of 1833) – Jackson’s _____ War (“pet banks”) – Disagreements over federal funding of _____________ ____________ (roads & canals) Manifest Destiny – _________ Annexation – Mexican War “_________ Lincoln” _________’s Civil Disobedience _________ Proviso – Compromise of 1850 __________ (free state) Slave trade banned in _____ New _________ slave act _________ sovereignty in S.W.

The Old Order: National Parties Election of 1848 – Whig war hero ________ _______ won on coattails of Mexican War victory Compromise of 1850 – Alleviated sectional disputes caused by ________ War Election of 1852 – Democrat _______ won – ________ Party in decline End of the “Great _____________” – Daniel Webster “Liberty and _______” Prosecuted northern violators of _________ Slave Act – Henry Clay Great _________________ (1820, 1833, 1850) – John C. Calhoun ______ and ______’ rights

Northerners Violate the Fugitive Slave Act Harriet Beecher Stowe – ______ ____ _______, 1852 – Created northern sympathy for slaves Abolitionist newspapers – Frederick _________ ’ The North Star – William Lloyd __________’s The Liberator Underground Railroad – Aided slaves to freedom – Harriet ___________ – Activity _________ in 1850s – Some northerners ignored or _________ the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act Hinton R. Helper – The Impending Crisis of the ________, 1857 – Argued that _______ harmed the south

“Slaveocracy” Violates the Missouri Compromise _______-Nebraska Act, 1854 – Proposed by Democrat Stephen __________ – Allowed _________ sovereignty to decide whether slavery would be allowed in Kansas and Nebraska – Violated the ______ line of the Missouri Compromise – Caused wave of migration and violence (“_________ Kansas”) – Created a north-south rift in the ___________ Party Pro-Slavery Forces – Border _______ from Missouri – ___________ Constitution – Sack of ____________ – _______-Sumner Incident Anti-Slavery Forces – New England _______ Aid Company to Free-Soilers – _________ Constitution – John Brown’s Massacre at _____________ Creek

The New Order: Sectional Parties ____-___Party, – _________ act for settlers in west – Opposed expansion of ____________ ____-_______ Party, – Opposed ____________ Death of ____ Party after loss in 1852 election Ostend Manifesto, 1854 – Buchanan’s proposal to add _____ as a slave state _______-Nebraska Act, 1854 – eventually shattered _________ into northern and southern wings – united Free-Soilers, Know- Nothings, old Whigs and others into the new, northern ____________ Party Sectional developments – Low _____ of 1857, _____ of 1857, and weak president James _________ tarnished Democrats – John Brown’s raid on _________’s Ferry raised southern fears

Dred Scott Violates the Missouri Compromise Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 – _______ Court denied Scott’s right to sue – Declared ____________ Compromise unconstitutional – Invalidated “once ____, always ____” principle – Possibly legalized _______ throughout the country Impact of Dred Scott – Increased ___________ in the Democratic Party – Empowered ___________ Lincoln-Douglas Debates – Stephen Douglas Freeport Doctrine of _________ sovereignty Won race – Abraham Lincoln Against immediate ____________ Firmly opposed ________ of slavery Lost race, but gained national reputation as a ___________ leader

The Election of 1860 & Secession November 1860 – Highly _________ presidential election – North: _______ (Republican) – Parts of the west: ________ (Northern Democrat) – Deep south: ___________ (Southern Democrat) – Upper south: ______ (Constitutional Union) December 1860 – South believed Lincoln was an _____________ – Lame duck _________took no action – Failed _________ Compromise – Secession of _____ _________ January-February 1861 – Remainder of _______ south seceded March 1861 – Lincoln’s ________________ April 1861 – South Carolina attacked Fort ___________ – Lincoln called for 75,000 ___________ – _________ south seceded – ______ _____ began