Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #1 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Total Touchdown A conceptual captology design by Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Design Challenge To create an interactive palm-sized technology that motivates high school junior football players to prepare for the SAT. Time limit: 10 hours

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #2 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Total Touchdown Industrial Design FootPalm: This football-shaped Palm carrying case is fit for any high school football player. It can holds a new PalmVIII as well as a PalmV and the m505 series. These are thin and have wireless connectivity to the Internet. It is ideal for people with hands that are larger than average This FootPalm has a built-in wireless antenna and communicates with the Palm via the Universal Connector. The Palm can be recharged without removing this case, if the Footbot cradle is used. Persuasive Purpose To motivate high school junior football players to prepare for the SAT

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #4 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #3 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” User Description High school juniors who participate in sports. They: –Are upper to middle class –Live in either urban or suburban setting –Have a PC at home with internet connection –Are male football players (target population for first release) Team Players –Accustomed to working within a team dynamic Scenario 1 and 2 describe two typical male users on the high school football team.

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #5 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #4 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” User Description Scenario 1 -- Meet “Reggie Kennedy” Reggie is very worried about taking the SAT… He has a lot of familial pressure because his father and mother are both professors and have always stressed the importance of doing well in school. He is not sure he want to go onto college but he knows he needs to do well on the test. –Reggie is a junior at Palo Alto High. –He is also very committed to football. –He doesn’t know if he wants to go to college, he does want to please his parents and have the option of going on to higher education open to him. –He is the star defensive lineman and spends a lot of time memorizing the playbook. –He is also used to being on a team and receiving motivation from his teammates

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #6 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #5 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” User Description Scenario 2 -- Meet “Joe Smith” Joe is very worried about taking the SAT… He just doesn’t think he has the time or the know-how to be successful. –Joe is a junior at Palo Alto High. –He is very committed to football. –He has a strong desire to get into a Cal State University, known for their excellent football team, so that they can continue to play football and maybe get drafted for the NFL. –Have has a very busy schedule from attending classes to being the captain of the football team to his social schedule. –He is also used to being on a team and receiving motivation from his teammates

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #7 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #6 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” The Total Touchdown Palm Pilot “Dude, How are we gonna pass that test? I heard Cal has a great team but you need to get at least an 800 on the test,” questions Joe. “I know if I don’t pass, my parents are going to punt my butt out of the house,” remarked Reggie emphatically, “but my dad bought me some new techie toy to help me on the SAT. Maybe we could get the whole team involved?” “Yeah, I think I’ve heard about this thing. Someone told me we might be able to do well on the test and make some money at the same time!” explains Joe. Two High School football players, Joe and Reggie, talk about the SAT. Reggie shows Joe his new Footbot and football-shaped handheld. Reggie explains to Joe, “Here’s my new footbot. Not only does it help me to remember my plays but it also has a SAT study helper. The palm pilot is shaped like a football and the football dude reminds me of when I need to study and quizzes me on SAT homework questions.” “Wow, this is pretty cool!” Joe shouts. “It also allows you to find out how well the competing schools are doing on their SAT practice tests. In fact, you were right, the whole team can compete against other teams based on average scores for a wod of money.” explains Reggie. “Now, you’re talking my language,” Joe replies. Reggie also describes, “You see the interface looks like a football field and the better our joint practice test scores, the closer we get to their end zone. If we consistently do better, we will get a Total Touchdown!” Reggie explains further the inner-workings of the football- shaped handheld.

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #8 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #7 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” The Studying Jocks “Man, I can’t believe we lost the game against Cupertino High. I wonder if we’re at least beating them in the SAT pool?” The palm’s voice system says, “Your team has an average score of 1000 SAT study points and the competition is behind with the average score of 860 SAT points. If you guys continue at this rate, you are sure to score a Total Touchdown on the SAT!” Joe says, “Hey Reggie, I never thought studying could be fun. This footbot dude is pretty cool!” “I know, my parents are going to be psyched,” replies Reggie. “I wonder how I did on the test last week?” Reggie asks himself. “You are in the 70th percentile, congratulations on finishing your first practice test! If you keep this up you will definitely do well on the SAT.” replies the voice from the Total Touchdown Palm Pilot. Reggie uses the Total Touchdown to see how he did on the practice test last week. Joe uses the football-shaped handheld to see how the team is doing against their biggest rival. Joe and Reggie huddle around one computer to study together with the Total Touchdown.

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #9 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #7 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Reggie’s one fine day “Palo Alto is just barely ahead,” says the FootPalm. “You’ve got 3 weeks left. Better study up. If you reach 900 by next week, you can advance to the quarter files.” “Reggie! You’ve got a busy schedule today. Don’t forget to go to practice at 3:30, and make sure you have time for your practice test tonight,” the FootBot reminds him. At home before going to school, Reggie hears a reminder voice from FootPalm and checks his today’s schedule. After class and before starting football practice, Reggie checks the results of SAT Bowl. Reggie studies SAT with SAT shortcuts and integrated PC application. Footbot says, “You’ve been doing pretty good. Before starting the practice test, you should do this algebra shortcuts. You’ll get amazing score.

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #10 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” The FootPalm is a intelligent football- shaped case for Palm users. The FootPalm contains several integrated functions to motivate students to study for the SAT. The included software provides fun ways for students to take practice tests. The software allows for a competition between schools. Prototype of Total Touchdown The software provides access to other applications of interest to football players.

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #11 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Prototype of Total Touchdown SAT shortcuts: Palm application that teaches SAT shortcuts with built-in football interface and metaphors. Students can visually recognize the average score of their team and the rival team. Rewards are not only based on the results of daily SAT Shortcuts application, but also on the frequency of taking SAT practice Test. Students can learn strategies to get a higher score of SAT, following the instructions of the Total Touchdown system.

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #12 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Prototype of Total Touchdown Other integrated features with SAT Shortcuts This chart shows that which school is in which position in the regional SAT tournament. When each individual student has got a high score in each game, he will receive a premium football trading card. This application will help students to analyze the football strategies.

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #13 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Prototype of Total Touchdown Footbot: This football player-like cradle can move, sing, and throw a ball. When a user place a FootPalm on the Footbot and he has got a great score of the SAT practice test, it’ll play a celebration performance, which can be seen in a video clip below. VIDEO CLIP

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #14 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Features/Functionality Wireless communication –Students can exchange instant messages or chat each other. –They can each other or mentors, coaches, parents. –Students can get updates of other teams SAT Team scores. College Information –Through this system, students can access enough information about college (ranking of football team, availability of athlete/academic scholarship, and required SAT score, etc.) SAT –SAT Shortcuts: This application teaches SAT shortcuts to students. It has football-based interface and uses many football metaphors. –SAT Practice Test: Students can easily download practice tests and gets scores and feedbacks from their mentors after on-line submission.

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #15 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Features/Functionality Schedule management –Students can integrate their football practice schedule with SAT learning hours. It helps to make a monthly/weekly/daily schedule and reminds a student of studying hours and assignments. It automatically modifies the students’ learning agenda based on the result of the practice tests. Up-to-date Feedback –Students receive feedback and encouragement as they study and take practices tests. The FootBot does a celebration dance when a test is successfully completed. –FootPalm provides a “countdown” until the SAT test day, using statistics about progress to motivate them. Footbot –A cradle, whose shape looks like a football player robot.

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #16 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Theoretical Justifications Competition –The SAT football game promotes competition among the same team members as well as the rival teams. According to the score, this game brings two-level incentives to students: individual and team-based benefits. –Reward –Students will get more money for the team as they get good results of SAT bowl and practice tests. –Students get immediate feedback of their weak points from the system. –Students receive trading cards when completing tests –FootBot offers encouragement in studying as well as football practice.

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #17 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Theoretical Justifications, continued Commitment –Students make a promise with other students to keep up their SAT scores, so they may win the SAT bowl. Reduction –“SAT Shortcuts” promises to teach the shortest way to get better score of SAT in two months. Channeling –Students are provided with useful football tools, such as being able to analyze strategies from their play books. By creating an environment in which students already use the FootPalm, they may be persuaded to also use it for studying.

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #18 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #8 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Results of User Testing User-- 30 year old ex-high school football player. -- took the SAT Would like to: – see more pictures of: - famous football players - cheerleaders - famous college coaches –be able to trade football cards –have my own personal number on the footbot –football related topics correlated with SAT heuristics

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #19 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #9 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Results of User Testing “The interface should look rough and tough not cutie. I would already feel like a sissy because I needed help studying for the test. This particular picture looks like a cabbage patch doll.” “If everyone’s going to know my score, I wouldn’t be a part of it. I don’t mind if the scores are aggregated.” “I would give away the SAT study pool of money to a good cause like getting new equipment for the team or a gift for the locker room.” “On the football team, some people were into music, some were just into sports.” [In response to the MP3 player as a feature] “When I first saw this picture, I thought it would be cool to be able to use a handheld to memorize my plays.” “It would be cool to have challenge bowls and SAT study ladders against neighboring schools” “Make the handheld extra-sturdy because I would probably drop it a lot.” “I don’t think I would use it for scheduling.”

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #20 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Shortcomings of Design Aims only at short term behavior change; does not address change in attitude about education or SAT Requires up front commitment from multiple parties: –Individuals on team must all agree to use Total Touchdown! –Coach or parents must agree to monitor use –Other team or school must agree to also use program May foster bad betting habits May foster excessive competition with other school or teams

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #21 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Expansion - What else is possible? Other form factors or ID possibilities –This application can be applied for other sports: Baseball, Basketball, Hockey, Soccer, etc –Students’ parents, coaches, or teachers can supervise the performance and track students’ progress. Other features and interactions –Footbot can be integrated into “Robot football game”. Team mates can form a footbot team. Each Footbot can communicate each other and compete a rival team. The functionalities and performance of each footbot is based on the results of owner’s SAT game. This is appealing to students, who are also thinking about their academic achievement in college beyond athletes. Robotics is one of the best promising fields to study.

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #22 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Next Steps in Design Process Fine turn reward structures for individuals Fine turn reward structures for teams Talk with coaches and parents to determine with whom the greatest persuasive power would be Explore other sports teams to see if similar issues of team support and competition hold true Build prototype Iterate

Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato Slide #23 Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x “Persuasive Technology & Education” Total Touchdown (Summary) Total Touchdown! encourages high school juniors on football teams to study for the SAT. It uses inter-team support to encourage studying with promise. It uses intra-team competition to encourage raising scores with rewards. It provides fun, football themed ways to study, and provides tools that user will find useful in football as well as studying.