Chapter 4: Object Recognition Object/Pattern Recognition: Making sense of stimulus energy Process: Bottom-Up vs. Top-down – see ambiguous image Direct.

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Perception Chapter 4.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4: Object Recognition Object/Pattern Recognition: Making sense of stimulus energy Process: Bottom-Up vs. Top-down – see ambiguous image Direct vs. Constructive Perception

Gestalt Organizational Principles Theories of Pattern Recognition Gestalt: Stimulus information combined with innate organizing principles of sensory systems. Need examples of principles (proximity, similarity, common fate, closure, and overriding principle of Pragnanz

Theories of Pattern Recognition: Cont. 2. Template Matching: external pattern matched to stored internal representation 3. Feature Analysis: constructing pattern based on combinations of primitive features 4. Prototype Matching: Stored representation that acts of ‘exemplar’ of entire category of patterns. 5. Geon Theory: Recognition based on geometric primitives

Stored canonical view

Template matching But what about K K K K K K

Prototype matching Central tendency: average representation Attribute frequency: modal representation

Selfridge (1959) Pandemonium model

PDP word recognition model

Geon forms using basic cylinder shape

Expertise and Pattern Recognition Chase and Simon (1970’s): studies with chess experts Expertise corresponds to more efficient processing of increasingly larger, more meaningful patterns. Expansion of working memory capacity – Long-term working memory

Chess patterns