by John Zavalney

Quick Write Have you ever seen wind do work? Describe what and where you saw it?

It has been done for a long…long…time Wind use PowerPoint Watch & listen to the following presentation Take some notes on when, where and how wind energy energy was captured and used

Wind Energy: A Historical Perspective This presentation is adapted from KidWind Basic Workshop slide show

Early “WINDMILL” in Afghanistan (900AD)

Dutch Windmills as early as 1300

Water Pumpers

Jacobs Turbine –

Smith-Putnam Turbine Vermont, 1940's

Modern Windmills

Orientation Turbines can be categorized into two overarching classes based on the orientation of the rotor Vertical AxisHorizontal Axis

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Rotors are usually Up-wind of tower Rotors are usually Up-wind of tower Some machines have down-wind rotors, but only commercially available ones are small turbines Some machines have down-wind rotors, but only commercially available ones are small turbines

Types of Electricity Generating Windmills Small (  10 kW) Homes Farms Remote Applications (e.g. water pumping, telecom sites, icemaking) Large (250 kW - 2+MW) Central Station Wind Farms Distributed Power Intermediate ( kW) Village Power Hybrid Systems Distributed Power

Modern Small Wind Turbines: High Tech, High Reliability, Low Maintenance Technically Advanced Technically Advanced Only 2-3 Moving Parts Only 2-3 Moving Parts Very Low Maintenance Requirements Very Low Maintenance Requirements Proven: ~ 5,000 On-Grid Proven: ~ 5,000 On-Grid American Companies are the Market and Technology Leaders American Companies are the Market and Technology Leaders 10 kW 50 kW 400 W 900 W (Not to scale)

Large Wind Turbines 450’ base to blade 450’ base to blade Each blade 112’ Each blade 112’ Span greater than 747 Span greater than tons total 163+ tons total Foundation 20+ feet deep Foundation 20+ feet deep Rated at 1.5 – 5 megawatt Rated at 1.5 – 5 megawatt Supply at least 350 homes Supply at least 350 homes

Large Wind Turbines Each blade 112’

Large Wind Turbines Each blade 112’

Electrical Production

Where do we get our electricity?

This PowerPoint was modified from the KidWind web site: Wind Energy 101 :

Build a Wind Turbine Simple with limited capabilities or..commercial with multiple capabilities Here is where you follow the directions for the materials you have

Wind Turbine Experimentation Measure electrical output Identify variables like wind speed and ground obstruction that effect turbine speed Change one variable at a time and record data as time permits

Wind Turbine Experimentation Activities tomorrow will focus on blade design

Assessment Work on FINAL PROJECT PowerPoint Presentation Gather research and resources Putting your PowerPoint together