International Collaboration through Global Networks Mary Lindenstein Walshok Associate Vice Chancellor for Public Programs Dean, University Extension Professor of Sociology University of California, San Diego Fall 2006

Why Is There So Much Interest Today in the Social and Economic Returns on Research Investments and Building Science-Based Clusters?  Global economic forces are characterized by rapid shifts in technologies, growing and declining industries, market changes, mobility of capital and talent, which in sum have differing effects (positive and negative) on national and regional economies.  All economies need a critical component of what Michael Porter at Harvard refers to as “globally traded clusters” which bring outside resources into regional economies

 General acceptance that knowledge is the primary resource which enables innovation and that innovation is what drives economic growth and new industries, new jobs and new wealth for regions and nations. Research is a primary source of this new knowledge.  The increasing cost of research, especially in fields like biotech – people, facilities, equipment and development timelines requires multiple funders and partners  Increasingly, companies and investors go where the talent is in contrast to labor going where the jobs are Why Is There So Much Interest Today in the Social and Economic Returns on Research Investments and Building Science-Based Clusters? Science-Based Clusters?

This Transformation Happens Because of the Simultaneous Development of Different Capabilities  Growth in basic research and development which increases the intellectual/creative talent pool substantially  A commitment to building the financial, business, legal and marketing competencies unique to science-based entrepreneurial enterprises  An understanding that frequent communication and overlapping networks among and between different science disciplines, investors and entrepreneurs is absolutely essential

A New Paradigm for Economic Growth in Globally Traded Industries  Creating and sustaining Rainforests versus designing and maintaining Plantations: a new path to innovation  Being ready to seize unplanned for opportunities versus linear management by objectives: opportunistic planning  The importance of knowledge flows, cross disciplinary and professional relationships to innovation in science-based companies  Entrepreneurship as a team process rather than an individual process  The importance of regions, community, culture, networks and identity to the innovation process

How this Challenge was Met in San Diego  The research institutions on the Torrey Pines Mesa focused on growing their capacity: UCSD, Salk Institute, Burnham Institute, Scripps Research Institute, etc.  New organizations such as CONNECT were created to help build the business and finance infrastructure essential to innovation and the growth of successful entrepreneurial enterprises.

Goals of Leaders Who Started CONNECT Create a community of competencies and a culture of entrepreneurship which can support the growth of global knowledge- based companies which can provide high wage jobs and wealth for the region

San Diego’s Transformation in Twenty Five Years  Replaced 100,000 jobs lost in defense with 120,000 in new companies – 2/3 high wage  30,000+ employment in biotech; 25,000+ in IT; 12,000 attorneys – when started/800  $1.8 billion research base; more than doubled  $1.2 billion venture capital; increase of 8-10 fold

San Diego’s Transformation in Twenty Five Years  Dozens of global companies establishing facilities in San Diego today  Qualcomm  Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia  Hybritech & spinouts  Merck, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Schering-Plough Biotech, Novartis  14 million square feet occupied by biotech research facilities compared to 11 million in shopping malls.

San Diego’s Transformation in Twenty Five Years  From 6 to 600+ IP attorneys  No local angel/VC funds to 140 in Tech Coast Angels and 29 NC funds  In the last six quarters, 749 new start-ups in San Diego (1/3 product – 2/3 service) – new company every 17 hours  Establishment of nearly $1 Billion in new locally- based philanthropic funds

San Diego High Tech Wages Doubled in 1990’s Source: SANDAG * Estimates only due to SIC/NAICS code change. Industry Cluster * Biotechnology/Biomedical$ 34,029$ 62,945 Telecommunications$ 37,904$ 91,809 Electronics$ 34,221$ 70,375 Software$ 39,101$ 72,050 Defense Manufacturing$ 36,145$ 61,669 Others$ 22,213$ 34,606

Human Capital IntellectualCapital FinancialCapital Leveraging Regional Inputs to Build San Diego’s Industry Clusters Regional Integrator Industry Cluster

University of California, San Diego CONNECT has been the Region’s “Incubator Without Walls ”  Access to diverse forms of financing -- seed, angel, venture, corporate  Business planning and market intelligence  Domain experience and management “know-how”  Continuing education and training for professionals  Linkages to national and global resources and partners  Technologically literate business and service sectors

Springboard Program  Entrepreneur assistance for 6-10 weeks  Formulate business plan and presentation  Graduation  Investor presentation to a customized panel of domain experts, CEO’s, investors, and service providers  companies graduate each year  About 25% of total applicants  200 companies have graduated since program’s 1993 inception  $550 million raised by Springboard companies  58% survival rate 10+ years out

Technology and Life Sciences Financial Forums  Two annual forums:  Technology Financial Forum (1985-present)  Life Sciences Financial Forum (1989-present)  Forums showcase 30 innovative, fundable companies to capital providers  Companies are pre-qualified by competitive review process  400 attendees, 100+ capital providers per event  Presenting companies have raised $6.8 billion  Over 400 companies have presented

Most Innovative New Product (MIP) Awards  Annual competition honoring the vision and perseverance that transform ideas and technologies into products  Judges review hundreds of applications and select winners  MIP Awards benefit San Diego!  Innovative companies get recognition and exposure  Showcases San Diego’s emerging technologies  Builds community excitement and celebrates regional success

How CONNECT Got Started  High unemployment and loss of large professional companies motivated leaders to pursue new approaches to economic growth  The early entrepreneurial successes of IMED, IVAC and Linkabit suggested entrepreneurial science-based companies might be the key to future prosperity  Community and university leaders worked together to develop an approach to implementing change, which built on knowledge about the early successes in the region  The change model was to create a new community of entrepreneurs, scientists and business service providers who had deep knowledge of where science and technology were going and had ready access to the distinctive business competencies needed in entrepreneurial companies  The UCSD Program in Technology and Entrepreneurship (soon branded “CONNECT”) was a program dedicated to achieving the above

What is Global CONNECT?  Channels for global businesses, entrepreneurs, and researchers to identify and access opportunity and expertise outside of their regions  Opportunities for regions to create stronger strategic partnerships through shared resources and outcomes  Methodologies and tools that allow SMEs to link to other SMEs on a peer-to-peer basis  A network of networks allowing for shared common infrastructure for identifying and qualifying opportunity  Educational and informational content creating stronger regional involvement and collaboration

Why Global CONNECT?  CONNECT Brand name and related programs are well recognized the world over as ‘best in class’ for the facilitation of regional collaboration  Established linkages allowing for cross-regional market access  Regional growth is significantly enhanced by understanding and accessing global market opportunities and research linkages  Greater viability and sustainability of enterprises transitioning from Idea  Invention  Product  Business  Growth  Exit, Spin-out (or Spin-In)

Portfolio of Expertise Regional Capabilities Research Regional Capabilities Research Technical Assistance Technical Assistance Market and Business Assessment Market and Business Assessment Program Development Program Development Workforce Development Workforce Development Internship / Fellowship Programs Internship / Fellowship Programs Membership Network Membership Network Speakers Bureau Speakers Bureau Online Tools and Resource Directory Online Tools and Resource Directory

Network of Networks  Providing leadership for understanding how organizations can effectively use global partnerships to accelerate international development in high technology and life science industries  Sharing of best practices and program infrastructure for accelerating the development of global partnerships and technology commercialization

Research on Innovation Capacity  Benchmarking and metrics  Commercial ‘audit’ on regional assets and capabilities  Comparative assessment of findings

Technical Assistance - Capital Capital Formation and Access  Risk/ Seed Capital  Kauffman ‘Power of Angel Investing’  Additional modules: Due Diligence Valuations Term Sheets  Business Models: Formation of Angel Networks  The ‘Capital Food Chain Curriculum’

Technical Assistance – Technology Commercialization  Tech Commercialization: a ‘hands-on’ approach to commercializing innovative technologies across borders  Global CONNECT ‘Bridge Program’  In-country technology assessment  Remote Entrepreneurship Training  In-country workshops  Benchmarking / Metrics  San Diego ‘Springboard’  Networking + one-on-one meetings

Program Activities  Regional Springboards, Financial and Partnering Forums  Innovator’s Showcase (a program leveraging a Springboard-like coaching process to assist researchers and academics hone their business presentation skills)  ‘Meet the Researcher’

Workforce Development through Distance Learning  Innovation and Entrepreneurship Seminar  Executive Programs for Scientists and Engineers  Leadership and Management Programs  Financing a Start-Up  Biotechnology programs  Medicinal Chemistry  Computer Aided Drug Design  Clinical Trials Management

The Core Principles of All These Programs Are:  Build relationships among previously isolated scientists and professions  Rely on the knowledge and experience of successful entrepreneurs and practitioners  Be a membership based organization in order to assure action orientation and not theory  Create numerous programs that educate business people about science and scientists about business  Get people in the room many, many times for many, many reasons so that they will have fun, develop collegial relationships and be willing to take chances together  The program must be staffed by people who have been successful in science-based entrepreneurship