Plant response to the environment. Plants food source medicines biofuels www.naai.moldova.md.

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Presentation transcript:

Plant response to the environment

Plants food source medicines biofuels

Unique Mechanisms Grow indeterminately Endure climate Obtain nutrients locally Defend self without running away

Plant response to the environment Environmental trigger: light, gravity, touch response: movement Environmental trigger: herbivores response: communication

Darwin The Power of Movement in Plants (1881)

Why do plants need to move? gather nutrients optimize light exposure Movement responses

Light courtesy: Roger Hangarter, Plants in Motion

Plant cells have an array of light receptors phy sun plant cell movement towards light germination

Some plants require light to germinate dark light, then dark

germination!

Red light = ON Far Red light = OFF phy pR form pFR form

Some plants require light to germinate phy inactivephy activephy inactive

Sunlight contains both r and fr light R absorbed low R:FR ratio high R:FR ratio

Gravity courtesy: Roger Hangarter, Plants in Motion

Starch grains detect vector of gravity Blancaflor and Masson (2003) Plant Physiology 133:1677 Kiss (2006) PNAS 103:829 Shoots

Growth occurs on ‘bottom’ side shoots

Touch touched not touched

Touch courtesy: Roger Hangarter, Plants in Motion FIRE

Touch courtesy: Roger Hangarter, Plants in Motion

Changes in cell size close or open leaves

Interactions Light, gravity and touch Wind G

Light, gravity and touch Light perceived by light receptors blue light - movement towards light red/far red (phytochromes) - germination Gravity perceived by falling starch grains cells growth on one side bends shoot up Touch electrochemical gradient (like nerves in animals) changes cell size closes/opens leaves

Communication Plants know when they are being chewed on!

Insect saliva lets plant know which insect is attacking

Alerts others

Calls reinforcements “The enemy of my enemy is a friend of mine!”

Summary Movement responses triggers: light, gravity, touch changes in cell length or cell size Communication responses triggers: herbivores release of volatile chemicals (Jasmonic acid)

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