Go to Section: Food for Thought What do you do when you get hungry? You probably go in search of food. Different organisms have different ways of obtaining the nutrients they need to live. Section 20-1 Interest Grabber 1.How does an animal obtain food? 2.How does a plant obtain food? 3.Predict how a microorganism described as “plantlike” might behave.

Go to Section: Section 20-1 Concept Map are classified by which include which Protists Animallike Funguslike Plantlike Parasites Take in food from the environment Produce food by photosynthesis Obtain food by external digestion Decomposers

Go to Section: On the Move Think about the last time you watched a puppy at play, a fish in an aquarium, or a squirrel in the park. They don’t stay still for long. How do they get where they are going? Section 20-2 Interest Grabber 1.List five different ways in which animals can move from place to place. 2.What structures do these animals have that enable them to move? 3.What structures might a microorganism need in order to move?

Go to Section: How Are Protists Classified Mainly by the way they move, how they obtain nutrients (animal-like, plant-like, fungus-like) – Movement: pseudopods, cilia, flagella – Obtaining Nutrients: autotrophic (plant-like)or heterotrophic (animal-like, fungus- like)

Go to Section: 20–2 Animallike Protists: Protozoans A.Sarcodines B.Ciliates C.Sporozoans- Animallike Protists and Disease 1.Malaria 2.Other Protistan Diseases D- Zooflagellates Section 20-2 Section Outline

Go to Section: Life Processes and Lifestyle of a Sarcodines Cell Type: Eukaryotic, unicellular Where they live: water environment (freshwater and marine) Mode of Nutrition: Heterotrophs, engulfs food Reproduction: mainly asexually Movement: Pseudopods via cytoplasmic streaming Examples: Ameoba

Go to Section: Food vacuole Nucleus Contractile vacuole Pseudopods Section 20-2 Sarcodine Example: Amoeba-

Go to Section: The Ameoba Main Structures Pseudopods: “false feet”- uses them to move by cytoplasmic streaming. Also uses pseudopods to engulf food. Nucleus: control center, hereditary info Food Vacuole: stores food and nutrients Contractile vacuole: regulates the amount of water and pumps out excess water and wastes Contractile vacuole Pseudopods Nucleus Food vacuole

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Watch the ameoba movement Ameoba

Go to Section: The Ciliates Cell Type: unicellular, eukaryotic Where they live : Water environment Movement: cilia – short hair-like projections, similar to flagella that allow them to swim in their environment Mode of Nutrition: heterotrophic- cilia sweeps in food from their surroundings, or food can enter through an oral groove Reproduction: mainly asexual, can also by conjugation Mostly free living – not parasitic Examples: stentor, paramecium

Go to Section: Anal pore Gullet Oral groove Trichocysts Lysosomes Food vacuoles Contractile vacuole Micronucleus Macronucleus Cilia Section 20-2 Figure 20-5 A Ciliate

Go to Section: Cilia- hairlike projections that aid in movement of the organism Trichocysts- small bottle- shaped structures used for defense. Two nuclei- Micronucleus (cell divison) & Macronucleus Oral groove: collects and directs food into gullet Gullet- An indentation in one side of the organism that collects food. Contractile Vacuoles- specialized to collect water. Endoplasm: cytoplasm toward the middle of the cell

Go to Section: The Blepharisma- Another ciliate

Go to Section: Paramecium life

Go to Section: Phylum Sporozoa - Sporozoans Cell Type: eukaryotic and unicellular Mode of Nutrition: heterotrophic (parasitic). Complete part of their life processes within a host cell Movement: can not move by themselves. Rely on the host vector for transport, but can move within the vector Reproduction: asexually within the host cell cell

Go to Section: Diseases that Sporozoans cause Malaria Caused by the the sporozoan named Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium’s host is the mosquito Can use chloroquinine to help treat it Malaria Reading

Go to Section: Section 20-2 Figure 20-7 The Life Cycle of Plasmodium

Go to Section: Zooflagellates Cell Type: Unicellular, eukaryotic Mode of Nutrition: Heterotrophic Movement: flagella Where they live: water and fluid environments Reproduction: Asexual Examples: – Trypanosoma – Causes African Sleeping Sickness, – Trichonympha – found indigestive system of termites

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Plant- like protists Cell Type: some unicellular, some multicellular (algae), eukaryotic Mode of Nutrition: AUTOTROPHIC contains chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis. Some can be heterotrophic when light is not present Movement: some have flagella, some have cilia Where they live: aquatic environments, soil, some live in colonies Reproduction: mainly asexual, but some sexual (alternation of generations, spores)

Go to Section: Types of Plant Like Protists Algae- are at the base of aquatic food chains (3 types- green, brown, and red) Euglenoids Dinoflagellates Diatoms Examples: volvox, spirogyra (spiral shaped chloroplast), euglena

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Interesting Facts About Plant Like Protists They produce much of the oxygen in aquatic environments Algae are protist not plants! Just because its green doesn’t mean that it’s a plant. Some plant like protists are found in toothpastes, pudding, salad dressing that are used as thickeners.

Video Click the image to play the video segment. Video Algae

Go to Section: Gullet Chloroplast Nucleus EyespotFlagella Section 20-3 Euglena Carbohydrate storage bodies Pellicle Contractile vacuole

Go to Section: 2 Flagella No Cell Wall Red Eye Spot to detect light Contains chloplas to carry out photosynthesis Autotrophs and Heterotrophs when sun is not available Pellicle: stiff outer membrane

Go to Section: 2 Flagella No Cell Wall Red Eye Spot to detect light Autotrophs and Heterotrophs when sun is not available Pellicle: stiff outer membrane Eyespot Pellicle

Go to Section: Important euglena structures Pellicle- stiff outer membrane Contractile vacuole- regulates and pumps excess water and wastes Chloroplast- site of photosynthetic activity Flagella- movement Eyespot- helps to detect the light Nucleus- hereditary, genetic material

Go to Section: Fungus-like Protists Cell Type: eukaryotic, unicellular majority of time Mode of Nutrition: heterotrophic, decomposers Reproduction: asexual and sexual stages by spores Where they live: water or moist environments, decaying plants and trees Movement: can all move at some point, some have pseudopods (slime mold) Commonly called: slime molds and water molds. Water molds responsible for the Irish Great Potato Famine, can destroy crops Examples: Acrasiomycota - Cellular Slime Mold, Myxomycota - Acellular Slime Mold, Oomycetes- Water mold

Go to Section: Water Mold And slime mold

Internet Links on funguslike protists Interactive test Articles on protists Articles on protozoans For links on protists, go to and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn For links on algae, go to and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn Go Online